【作者】 汪汉利；

【导师】 于冬云；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 比较文学与世界文学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 索尔·贝娄是继海明威、福克纳之后的又一位美国文学大师，其作品在反映二战后的美国社会生活以及人们的精神风貌方面有着无可争议的代表性。作家以深厚的人道主义情感，深邃的存在主义意识，在其作品中深刻揭示了当代人诸多的生存问题。无论是早期的作品《晃来晃去的人》还是新近的小说《拉维斯坦》，贝娄自始至终以“人的存在问题”作为关注的焦点，作家几乎所有的作品都渗透着一股浓郁的人文关怀意识。 贝娄在其作品中全面暴露了美国社会当代人生存的种种危机，尤其是知识分子的精神危机，对生存问题进行了多层面的思考，并表达了自己的深切忧虑。本文试图通过对贝娄《赫索格》等主要作品的分析与理解，努力寻绎与阐释作家的这种人文关怀思想。本文认为，贝娄的人文焦灼首先表现在作家·全面揭示了当代人的生存困境：肮脏的自然环境与诗意生存的对立、商业文明对生存空间的挤兑、社会系统对人个性自由的钳制等等，贝娄层层披露了人类生存的尴尬现状，起到了振聋发聩的作用。贝娄在人类的生存困境中审视现代人的命运，尤其关注主人公的精神流浪、人性的堕落与精神滑坡等问题，揭露人与人之间隔膜的人际关系，表达了一名作家的人文焦灼感。贝娄在全面展示世界的荒谬和混乱时，并没有陷入悲观绝望的境地，而是与笔下的赫索格等犹太主人公一起，开始了痛苦的寻找历程。作家试图在纷乱的现实社会中，发现人生活的本质和意义，找到人类赖以栖居的家园。对于一系列的生存问题，作家在小说中作了许多积极的探索，并提出了自己的看法，集中体现了作家的人文焦灼意识和终极关怀思想。尽管某些看法不是尽善尽美，但毕竟能给在迷悯中生存的现代人提供一些有益的启示。可以说，贝娄的作品是“一种更加广泛、更加灵活、更加丰富、更加条理、更为全面的叙述，阐明人类究竟是什么，我们是谁，活着为什么等问题”。正如美国当代女作家奥茨评论贝娄时所说的：“在他精粹的段落中，他所关心的不是别的，而是我们文明的命运。”【’］ 本文通过作品分析，还探讨了贝娄的人文焦灼意识与犹太民族历史记忆之间的关系。认为贝娄的人文关怀意识一方面来自存在主义思潮的影响，另一方面也是作家对民族命运反思的产物，是民族文化土壤上开出的绚烂花＋朵。贝娄经常以强烈的忧患意识来审视犹太民族的历史境遇，并把它与当代人类的生存现状相联系，从而把犹太民族的命运上升为整个人类的命运。更多还原

【Abstract】 Saul Bellow is another master of American literature following Ernest Hemingway and William Faulkner. His works are absolutely typical to suggest American social life after World War II and their mental attitude. Because of his deep humanitarianism feeling and existentialism sense, Bellow’s works profoundly reveal a great many existential problems of contemporary American people. Beginning with his early story "Hanging man "till his latest fiction "Lavisitine ", Bellow always pays much attention to the problems of modern man’s existence. Most of his works embody a sense of humanistic concern.In his works, Bellow exposes all kinds of existential crises of contemporary American people, especially the crisis of intellectual. He thinks about the existential problems in every aspect and expresses his own deep anxiety. By analysis and comprehension of his main works such as Herzog, the paper tries to demonstrate and discuss his ideas of humanistic concern. In my opinion, Bellow’s concern and anxiety reveal firstly on his delineation of the predicament of contemporary people: dirty natural environment against poetic existence, commercial civilization extruding man’s existent space, social system suppressing individual freedom and so on. Bellow reveals embarrassing living situation of human being, which man must pay enough attention to. Bellow is anxious about modern people’s fate in living predicament, and especially cares about spiritual wandering of protagonist, decline and degeneration of humanity. Revealing the relationship ofestrangement among people, he shows his human anxiety as an author. While showing the absurdity and chaos of the word, Bellow doesn’t get lost in despair. He together with his protagonist begins his suffering experience of search. He makes efforts to find out in the absurd and disorderly word the nature and meanings of life and an ideal inhabitation for man. Bellow endeavors to do some active research and find out the answers to the living problem, which embody his human anxiety and concern. Although some of his answers are not so excellent, they’re helpful to modern man who is in search in confusion. In short, Bellow’s works are "more extensive, flexible, various, well-organized, comprehensive description, which expounds some problems of importance such as "what on earth is human being" "who are we " and "what are we living for". As modern American writer Aoci once pointed out, what Bellow cares about was nothing but the fate of our civilization in his glorious passages.By analysis of his works, the paper also discusses the relationship between his humanistic anxiety and historical remembrance of Jewish nation, thinking that his human anxiety is not only from influence of Existentialism, but also is a product of worrying about his national fate. It is a beautiful flower that comes from national culture. Bellow often worries about Jewish historical situation with a sense of suffering, and connects it with the living situation of modern man. Thus, the Jewish historical fate is considered not only Jewish but also man’s.更多还原