【作者】 虢清伟；

【导师】 杨仁斌；

【作者基本信息】 湖南农业大学 ， 环境工程， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本论文针对UASB(Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket)启动周期长、有机负荷低的缺点，在自制的试验装置上进行了颗粒活性炭(GAC)与粉末活性炭(PAC)、PAC经好氧预挂膜处理后对UASB的启动影响的研究；通过加装预排气装置和盾式纤维填料两种方式来进行了提高UASB有机负荷的探索。探讨了这些因素对UASB的启动时间、有机负荷、有机物去除率、运行稳定性、污泥特性等方面的影响，并对其作用机理进行了分析。在研究条件下取得如下主要实验结果： 1．加入粒径0.16～0.2mm的PAC可使UASB的启动时间缩短1／3，有机负荷提高60％，污泥活性提高50％以上，同时可显著提高反应器运行的稳定性；加入粒径0.27～0.40mm的GAC对UASB的启动无明显效果，主要原因可能在于其粒径较大，产气或水流产生的驱动力不足以使其成为二次核。 2．PAC经过好氧预挂膜处理后，可加快UASB中污泥颗粒化进程，UASB的启动时间由57天缩短为49天；PAC对UASB容积负荷、污泥活性的提高作用表现为启动初期明显，后段作用不显著；对UASB的甲烷产率无明显影响。 3．加装预排气装置可使UASB的容积负荷提高1倍左右，且运行稳定，这与该装置能将大量活性高的污泥控制在污泥床区有关；由于反应器的结构不利于“洗泥”阶段絮状污泥的大量洗出，因而延缓了污泥颗粒化进程。 4．装填盾式纤维填料可使UASB容积负荷提高30％以上，有机物去除率表现为前期较高，但后期下降，可能与填料结团后通透性变差有关；填料因易堵塞导致系统有抗冲击负荷能力弱的问题。 5．氧化沟好氧污泥经过厌氧驯化后作为UASB的种泥可在两个月左右时间成功培养出活性、沉降性能俱佳的厌氧颗粒污泥，证明利用好氧菌培养厌氧颗粒污泥是可行的。更多还原

【Abstract】 Focusing on the defects of long start-up period and low organic loading rate of UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) reactor, the effects of adding GAC (Granular Activated Charcoal) and PAC ( Powdered Activated Charcoal ), PAC which pre-filmed by aeration, installating of pre-exhausted apparatus and scutate fibrous filler on the start-up and performance of UASB reactor were studied in this paper. The parameters such as start-up period, organic loading rate, organic removing rate, operating stability, characteristics of sludge in UASB reactor were implored in detail. The mechanisms were also analyzed. The main results are as follows:1. The start-up period of UASB reactor could be shorten by 1/3 for the adding of PAC with the size of 0.16~0.2 mm. It also improved the organic loading rate and the activity of sludge 60% and 50% respectively. The operating stability was also promoted greatly. While the adding GAC with the size of 0.27~0.40 mm had no obvious effect on the start-up of UASB reactor. The major reason was probably the granular size bigger than the PAC. The driving force generated by air flow and water flow was so small that it could not make them act as the secondary nucleus.2. The pre-filmed treatment by aeration on PAC could improve the process of sludge granulated in the UASB reactor. The start-up period could be shorten to 49 d from 57 d. It also had obvious effect on the improving of volume loading rate and sludge activity in early stage, but in later, it did not so obvious. There was no signs showed that it affected the yield of methane.3. Installating pre-exhausted apparatus to UASB reactor could twice the volume loading rate of UASB reactor with enough operating stability. The probably reason was that the reactor’ structure could help to hold massive activated sludge in the sludge bed. While it was not suitable to wash out some flocculating sludge which could delay the process of sludge granulated.4. Installating scutate fibrous filler could improve the volume loading rate of UASB reactor by more than 30%. The organic removing rate was high in early stage, but dropped in the later stage. The reason might be the percolating ability of the filler decreased by conglomeration. It also showed the ability to resist shock loading was low.5. In the two months, the activated sludge from the oxidation ditch could be tamed as seed sludge in the UASB reactor. It also could be cultivated anaerobic granular sludge which was excellent in activity and settlement. It revealed the possibility using the activated sludge to cultivate anaerobic granular sludge.更多还原