【作者】 李先长；

【导师】 余万予；

【作者基本信息】 江西师范大学 ， 体育教育训练学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 教材与人类的生存和发展教育密切相关，因为人类种族经验精华凝聚在教材中，教法是传递这些知识经验的一种手段和媒介。武术是中华民族传统体育的精华，中小学是我国普及武术知识、传递民族传统文化的重要场所。中小学武术教材、教法的改革对继承和弘扬中华传统体育具有重要意义。本文运用调查法、文献资料法、实验法、数据统计等方法，以历年来我国《中、小学体育教学大纲》及教材(教师用书)中的武术教材、教法为研究对象，以随机抽测的全国100所中、小学师生为调研对象，对我国中小学体育课武术教材、教法的沿革、基本现状进行了较为系统的研究，并在我国新《体育与健康课程标准》教学理念的指导下，对中小学武术教材、教法的改革进行了探讨和实证研究。得出以下结论： 1、历年来，我国中小学武术教材都坚持改革，以适应新的体育教育思想，它的改革趋势是：教学内容难度有减小的趋势，中学教学内容趋向多样化和灵活性加强；竞技意识趋向淡化，攻防意识持续保持；教学内容的安排考虑了学生的年龄特点，并注意不同学段的学习衔接； 2、中小学武术教法的发展趋势：由学习西方体育的教学方法到逐渐构建具有武术教学特点的教法改革，再到更深层次武术教法的发展——体现武术的精神内涵； 3、中小学生对武术的兴趣在逐步减弱。调研表明：80年代，学生对武术的兴趣最高达到88％以上，90年代中小学生对武术的兴趣有所减弱，现在的中学生对武术很感兴趣的只有40％左右； 4、文献研究表明：中小学武术教学研究的发展不平衡，而且大部分是教学体会、经验的介绍；武术教材的研究比较少，不能满足中小学武术教学的需要；武术教法的研究比较多，但是研究深度不够，没有形成系统的中小学武术教学理论体系。 5、长期以来，中小学武术教材、教法存在的最主要问题是：教材方面，体育课武术教材的难度较大、内容竞技化、学生对教材的兴趣不足等问题。教法方面，体育课武术教法研究存在教法的系统性不足、教法研究的深度不够、教法的创新难度大等问题； 6、实证研究表明：贯彻新《体育与健康课程标准》的实验组对武术的兴趣和课后练习的次数与沿袭传统教材、教法对照组相比更高，且具有显著差异(P＜0.001)； 本研究旨在提高民族传统体育武术项目的教学水平，加强中小学武术课的普及教育，以弘扬祖国传统文化，增强民族自豪感。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the experiential guintessence is considered in the teaching materials and teaching method in a way to convey this knowledge and experience, the teaching material are closely related to the education concering human exidtance and development, wushu is the quintessence of our nation’s traditional physical culture. The very imtlentant places to convey and popularize .it zre primary school and middle school .Teaching material and reform in teaching method count a lot as to inheriting and propagating the traditional physical culture. With the method of investigation, documental data, experiment and mathematical statistics, this article .based on the previous teaching outline of P.E. In primary school and middle school, teaching materials in wushu as well as teaching method, tudies deeply in the reform of teaching materials, methods and general condition in wushu in primary and middle school. It chooses teaohers and in 100 schools at random,to proceed with the investigation and make a practical testing on the significance of our nation’s new "course standards of physical culture and health" Those following are the conclusions about teaching of wushu in primary school and middle school.1. in the past years ,the teaching materials of it are in the reform all the time to adapt to the new physical education thoughts, Its reform national trend is .in view of its teaching content, it decreases difficulty, increases diversification and flexibility, the competitive conciousness is fading while attacking and defending consciousness is still keeping ,the arranfement of it has considered the students’ age and has paid attention to the connect between different learning periods.2. the developing trend of teaching method in it .from the leating of western physical training method to the reform of teaching method which is with the characteristics of Wushu teaching, and the to the deeper development of teaching method. All of this reflects the spiritual comprehension of Wushu.3. the students’ interest in Wushu fading. The investigation shows: in 1980s,the highest interest that students have in Wushu reached up to 88%,while in 1990s,it began to fade, until now the interest is around 4%. ^4. document and study show: there is a unbalance I its development of teaching material of Whushu is relatively less, which can’t satisfy the teaching needs; the study on teaching method of Whushu is relatively more, however, it is not deep enough and doesn,t form a theoretical system, most of which is the introduction of teaching understanding and experience.5. the major problem in its teaching materials. And teaching method: as to the teaching material, it is too difficult, with too much competitive consciousness and the students lack interests in it; as to the teaching method, it is not systematic teaching. The study on it is not deep enough, the creative difficulty on it is great and etc.6. the practical testing shows: there are obvious differences in the interest in Wushu between the two group-one is carrying out the "course standard of physical culture and health", the other follows the traditional teaching material and method(p<0.001)The purpose of this study is to improve the teaching level of Wushu, our nation’s traditional physical culture, to reinforce its popularity and education, to propagate our nation’s traditional culture and to enhance the sense of national pride.更多还原