好氧降解—厌氧过滤新工艺处理城市生活污水研究

【作者】 廖兴盛；

【导师】 吴晓芙； 胡曰利；

【作者基本信息】 中南林学院 ， 环境科学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 虽然我国拥有丰富的水资源，但由于人口众多，水资源的人均占有量仅为世界人均占有量的四分之一。随着经济的发展、人口的增加，当前水污染问题已越来越严重，全国工业和城镇生活污水排放总量每年呈上升趋势，全国工业污水排放的达标率仍然不太高，而生活污水因其量大、排放分散，集中处理尤为困难。水污染和水资源短缺所引发的政治、经济问题已成为我国某些地区最为棘手的难题，加强水污染控制的政策力度、增加水污染治理的各项投入对我国政府而言显得格外重要和紧迫。 但由于我国是发展中国家，排污治理的经费比较紧张，再加上各地经济发展的不平衡，加重了污水治理的难度，开发处理高效、适用面广、构筑简单、处理成本低廉的污水治理工艺就越来越显得十分必要。 本文就是立足于开发出污水处理新工艺，并做了有益的尝试，在广泛吸取城市生活污水处理技术的基础上，先探求通过短时曝气，寻求去除污水负荷量高的工艺构筑形式；然后在此基础上进一步完善脱氮除磷的效果，延长处理材料的使用时间，并形成完整的处理工艺体系；再确定工艺参数，分析得出最佳工艺，并进行应用推广。 试验结果表明： ①组合工艺试验中：CODcr的去除效果较好，在进水CODcr浓度为500.00mg／L以内，去除率可达到75.00％，若进水CODcr浓度控制为350.00mg／L以内，去除率可升高为80.00％；另外，浊度的去除效果较好，其去除率为80.00％以上；但TN、TP的去除效果并不理想，TN的去除率为65.00％，TP的去除率却仅为40.00％，TN、TP的出水浓度不能满足污水排放要求；另外，由于污水的进水有机负荷较高，蛭石很快就出现饱合。 ②改进工艺：通过此阶段试验结果发现，出水水质指标中CODcr、TN、TP、浊度以及pH都达到污水排放要求，对污染物负荷去除的效果好；采用在好氧降解-厌氧过滤池中加入KMT生物膜载体，进一步改善好氧(曝气)反应区间的处理条件；蛭石填料经过较长时间的运行，未出现饱合，分析得知，在蛭石层中较好实现有机污质的物质能量代谢平衡，从而延长蛭石处理的时间，解决了蛭石再生问题。 ③最佳工艺：基于理论与实践的很好结合，探索出一种新的污水处理工艺流程。城市生活污水首先经过初次沉淀，除掉泥沙，避免了蛭石填料被堵塞；出水再经过好氧降解-厌氧过滤反应装置，控制HRT为3h；最后出水再流入沉淀-结晶反应池进行后续除磷，控制HRT为0.5h；整个主体工艺处理时间控制在HRT为3.5h。通过以上处理工艺流程，污水处理出水中，CODcr去除率达到83.00％，TN去除率达到75.00％，TP去除率达到93.00％，浊度去除率达到86.00％；处理效果稳定，泥龄时间(SRT)较长、排泥量少，蛭石填料处理时间长且不需要再生；运行成本为0.31元／吨，不失为一种经济可行的处理方法。 ④好氧降解-厌氧过滤池能较好的去除有机负荷，处理效果好，既可单独作为污水处理工艺，又可同其它工艺结合使用，因此，该工艺可以满足不同工艺要求，适用范围广；另外，试验中测定分析关于蛭石的一些数据，可为蛭石在污水处理工艺中的进一步利用提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Althought the water resources in China are rich, the proportion of water per hand is only 1/4 of the word’s average because of the large population. With the devolepment of economic and addition of population, the problem of water pollution is getting more and more serious. Up to now in china, National industry and town domestic sewage emission mass annually ascent tendency. National industrial offbent emission satisfaction of standard rate is still lower. Whereas domestic sewage emission mass is immensity and variance, thus concentrating treatment is difficult espically. In some area, political and economical promlems caused by pollution and lacks of water have been the most difficult issue to handle. It is very important and urgent for authorities to reinfore the regulation of water pollution control (WPC) and increase the investment of water pollution treatment.Whereas China is a developing country, sewage water processing expenditures are exiguous and the economic development is off-balance, which aggravate the difficulty for treatment of sewage. It is very necessary to research techinics of high efficiency, inclusive appliance, simple construction and low cost.The foothold paper is to research new techinic of sewage treatment, and do some intendional attempts. On the basis of extensive learning from techinics of the municipal sewage treatment, attempts are made first to explore the technical structure form with high loading capacity for disposing sewage by the short-time effictiveness aeration, and further perfect nitrogen and phosphorus reduction effictiveness. According to the experiment outcome, prolong the duration of the processing materials, thus form a complete disposal technological system. Afterwards difine processing parameters and optimum techinics. Testing result manifestation:Composite process examination: CODcr removal efficiency is good. If sewage inflow concentration is below 500.00mg/L, removal efficiency is 75.00%. If sewage inflow concentration is below 350.00mg/L, removal efficiency is 80.00%. In addition, turbidity removal efficiency is also good, which is above 80.00%. However, TN and TP removal efficiency are poor. Removal efficiency for TN is 65.00%, while removal efficiency for TP is only 40.00%, Thus TN and TP discharge concentration aren’t able to meet at the emission standard of sewage. Moreover, because the sewage inflow concentration is high, vermiculite will get impregnated in a short time.Improvement techinics. As indicated in this experiment, sewage outlet concentration of CODcr, TN, TP and turbidity value are able to meet at the emission standard of sewage with a good effect. KMT is used in the aerobic degeradation-anaerbic filtration apparatus to improve the process condition in the aerobic aeration reaction zone. Vermiculite stuffiness do not get impregnated after a long time. It can be known from the analysis that it is advantageous to form a stabilization multiplicate ecological system in the vericulite bed, which can prolong the processing duration of the vermiculit and solve the question of vermiculite regenation.Optimun techinic. On the basis of the combination of theory and practice, new techinic of urban domestic sewage treatment has been worked out, mud and sand are removed first through preliminary sedimentation, lest vermiculite stuffiness is clogged. HRT can be kept at 3h after the sewage is processed through degeradation-anaerbic filtration apparatus, then sewage inflow in the precipitation-crystallization reactor where subsequent phosphorus is removed and HRT will stay 0.5h. All the pocessing time is below 3.5 h. As for processing outcome, the removal of CODcr is 83.00%, TN 75.00%, TP 93.00% and turbidity 86.00%. Treament effictiveness is prefect, SRT is longer, sludge mass is lower, vermiculite stuffiness do well in a long time, thus vermiculite need not be regenerated. With a running cost of 0.31 Yuan/t, this new technic is fit for the treatment of urban domestic sewage.It is quite good for organic loading removed not only in the aerobic degerad更多还原