长永高速公路植物景观研究

【作者】 胡冬香；

【导师】 彭重华；

【作者基本信息】 中南林学院 ， 园林植物与观赏园艺， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 通过研究长永高速公路植物景观的结构、动态及人们的视觉感受，综合分析得出以下结论：(1)从1996年至2001年间，在人工种植经营的植物景观中，异质性植物景观斑块在减少，同质性植物景观斑块在增加；单行种植的小叶女贞、大叶樟及龙柏间植小叶女贞的配植模式形成了优势景观，而其它配植模式在逐渐减少甚至消失。(2)运用Simpson指数和Shannon-Winner指数研究长永高速公路路域及邻近区域植物群落物种多样性得知：人工种植的龙柏林带，叶形较小且种植稀疏，物种多样性较高，大叶樟林带的物种多样性相对较低；高速公路开发后，乔、灌木两层的物种多样性呈下降趋势，而草本层的物种多样性有上升的迹象，但乔、灌、草三层总的物种多样性是呈下降趋势的。(3)在高速公路环境下，本地野生植物品种与人工种植品种的环境适应能力不同：本地野生植物品种具有很强的适应能力，在某些地段完全替代了栽培植物成为主导景观，起着持土护坡、美化视觉景观的作用，尤以白茅、狗尾草为甚；在人工种植品种中，龙柏、大叶樟及小叶女贞等表现出了较强的环境适应能力。(4)不同的人工种植植物品种在高速公路环境下的存活率是具有显著性差异的：大叶樟和小叶女贞相对于迎春具有显著性差异，大叶樟与小叶女贞之间则差异性不显著。(5)不同人群对不同植物景观类型的关注程度不同，道路使用者对路面上及内侧植物景观较为关注，而附近及周围居民对外侧植物景观较为关注；从总体来看，人们对高速公路的下边坡植物景观是最少关注的。(6)人们对不同植物景观类型的视觉环境质量的感受有所不同，受关注程度较高的中央分隔带、沟外平台及上边坡植物景观，视觉质量评价为Ⅳ级(最差一级)；而对于下边坡草灌木景观的视觉质量评价为Ⅲ级。本文最后针对上述研究结果提出了保持长永高速公路植物景观可持续性的对策。更多还原

【Abstract】 This passage is about plantation landscape along Changyong expressway according to Landscape ecology.Community ecology and people’s feeling. Some concludes are derived from landscape structure,dynamic and viewing feeling of people:(l)From 1996 to 2001,artificial forest landscape heterogeneity has declined,but landscape identity has increased;Also dominant landscape has been developed by Ligustrum lucidum and Cinnamomum camphora planted in only one line as well as Sabina chinensis and Ligustrum lucidum inter-planted with the number of the other plants and planted models decreased or even disappeared.(2)Along Changyong highway .different arbor community has different diversity derived from Simpson index and Shannon-Wiener index.Sabina chinensis community has higher diversity index,but the lower one of Cinnamomum camphora ,because the former has smaller leaves and less number on the same size land than the latter .(3)Comparing after highway developed with before highway developed.species diversity of arbor and shrub community has declined,but the reverse tendency one of herbaceous has been displayed.However,all species diversity has declined .(4)Living rate discrepancy among different plantation species is notable along the highway .Comparing Ligustrum lucidum and Cinnamomum camphora with Jasminum ludiflorum .living rate discrepancy is notable among them,but not between Ligustrum lucidum and Cinnamomum camphora .(5)The adaptability is different between local weed and plantation on the highway.In some sites,plantations were completely replaced by local weeds .And thus a new landscape developed with the function of preserving soil and slope and beautifying the scene,such asSetaria viridis and Imperata cylindraca var. major .In addition, Ligustrum lucidum and Sabina chinensis adapt better to the highway environment.(6)There has been different attention to different type landscape among dfferent people.Those who use the highway care more on and inside the road,and yet habitants near the road care more outside the road.(7)Different landscape has different viewing quality to people.The viewing quality of the center and the edge and the above plantation of the road ranks IV, and that of the under slope ranks IH.Finally,the article poses countermeasurements of keeping sustainable plantation landscape of Changyong highway .更多还原