【作者】 李素丽；

【导师】 林鉴钊；

【作者基本信息】 广西大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 甘蔗是广西重要的经济作物。原生分生组织是甘蔗地上部分一切组织形态发生中心，因此，研究原生分生组织的结构和生长分化对于阐明甘蔗的增粗机理具有重要意义。 本实验通过对6个不同甘蔗品种(粤糖91／976、月。粤糖86／368、桂糖11号、新台糖16号、美国CP80和农林8号)茎尖生长点采用压片，石蜡连续切片，半薄切片，超薄切片和酶组织化学定位等方法进行研究，取得主要结果如下： 1)甘蔗一天内(白天)不同时间都存在细胞分裂，大部分品种均在10:00出现细胞分裂高峰期，12:00～14:00是细胞分裂的低谷。早熟品种细胞分裂高峰期出现的时期早一些，晚熟品种则晚一些。甘蔗茎径和各生长时期细胞分裂指数呈正相关。 2)甘蔗生长锥原生分生组织具有明显的细胞—组织学区域 甘蔗茎尖生长锥原生分生组织可以划分为四个区域：原套原始细胞区、原体原始细胞区、髓分生区以及周缘分生区。不同区域之间细胞核及细胞的长、宽、面积、灰度值、液泡化程度指标差异显著，这些指标是甘蔗茎尖生长锥可以分区的重要依据。 从ATP酶的分布看，生长锥不同区域细胞ATP酶活性分布不一样，周缘分生区细胞ATP酶分布密度最大，其次到原体原始细胞区再到原套原始细胞区，髓分生区ATP酶分布相对较少。这也是甘蔗茎尖分区的重要依据。 3)周缘分生区细胞在甘蔗整个生育期都维持比较高的分裂频率，是由原始细胞产生的苗端最活跃的、直接参加到苗的形态形成的分生组织。 的甘蔗茎尖不同区域细胞ATP酶活性分布特征不同 原生分生组织ATP酶的活性主要分布在细胞核和线粒体上，而细胞膜和小的液泡膜内则呈负反应。原形成层细胞的细胞核和线粒体上ATP酶活性都比较强，细胞膜也显出了很高的活性。 甘蔗茎尖具有初生们粗分生组织，这些组织细胞的细胞核、细胞膜、线粒体、胞间连丝上ATP酶活性都明显比周围的细胞高。 甘蔗节上的细胞ATP酶的活性比节间的高，这与甘蔗茎的增粗有密切的关系。更多还原

【Abstract】 Sugarcane is one of the most important economic crops in Guangxi. It is very meaningful to study the thickening mechanism by studying on the structure of protomerism, growth and differentiation, which formed at the time histomorpho I ogy.In this experiment six sugarcane varieties: Yuetang91/976, Yangtang86/368, GT11, TT16, CP80, Nonglin 8 were used. The pressed disc, paraffin, semi slice, ultramicrotomy and Enzyme histology chemical locat i on methods were applied in the experiment. The results were followings:1. Cell division took place in anytime and at 10 AM cell it reached the climax for most sugarcane varieties.2. The breadth of growing tip was positively relative to the sugarcane stem.3. In the view of cell morphology and the location of ATP Enzyme, the growing prick of sugarcane had significant cell-histology areas, which were tunica -primary cell zone (the growing tip had only one layer of tunica), corpus-primary cell zone, peripheral meristem zone and pith zone.4. The indexes such as, cell nuclear in the growing tips, the length, breadth, areas and intensity of vacuole5. The position effect determined the direction of cell division so the differentiation of the stem tip protomeristem was not the same in different areas.Tunica and corpus zone are the cell center for differentiation and the fundamental for seedling keeping sustainable growing.Cell at peripheral meristem zone kept a high frequency in the bearing period, which was the most active and closely related to the seedling morphorgenes is.The pith meristem was responsible for bearing pith and enhancing the growth of seedling.6. The ATPase mainly located in cell nuclear and mitochondrial while but ATPase activity was high both on the eel I nuclear and mitochondria of procambium. The cell membrane showed very high activity because the cell division began which enhanced the metabolism of materials and energy among eel Is.There was primary meristem on the stem tips of sugarcane. The activity of ATPase located on this kind of cell was much higher than those located on the neighborhood cells. This i nd i cated that these cells is active in cell division and physiological metabolism.The ATPase activity on the cell membrane, vacuole membrane, plasmadesmus and intercellular space is higher than those on the sugarcane nodes.更多还原