数字图像处理技术在玻璃瓶裂纹检测系统中的研究和应用

【作者】 李辉；

【导师】 蒋秀明； 高殿斌；

【作者基本信息】 天津工业大学 ， 机械制造及其自动化， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 数字图像处理技术从20世纪50年代发展至今，在通信、电视传输、医学、印染工业、工业检测等各个领域得到了空前广泛的应用，其分析图像的技术和方法也随之得到了深入的研究和发展。本文主要利用数字图像处理技术及其方法结合计算机编程语言来研究一套检测玻璃瓶裂纹的系统，利用该检测系统提供的一些数字图像处理方法可以快速准确的判断出该图像是否为裂纹图像。本文针对该套检测系统所应用的技术和方法为今后的深入研究和将其应用于实际生产奠定了坚实的基础。 本文首先简要介绍了数字图像处理技术的一些基本概念，包括它的发展、特点、应用领域和今后的发展方向。然后讲述了数字图像采集系统，包括硬件设和图像数字化的基本原理。本文重点阐述了研究和开发这套玻璃瓶裂纹检测系统所应用到的一些数字图像处理技术，并应用这些技术和方法对采集的裂纹图像进行了处理和分析：应用邻域平均法和中值滤波法来抑制图像的噪声，使图像的边缘平滑；然后绘制出处理过图像的灰度直方图，得到该幅裂纹图像的阈值，利用阈值法和灰度级切片法对裂纹图像进行二值化处理，得到其二值图像，并对图像进行了边缘检测；最后计算出裂纹图像的面积和周长，利用圆形度指标来判断该图像是否为裂纹图像。在利用数字图像处理技术研究和分析裂纹图像的过程中，应用了可视化编程语言Visual Basic6.0来开发该检测系统，将各种算法分别做成一个个单独的处理模块，从图像文件的读取、保存到图像预处理在到图像分割、特征提取直至裂纹判断都采用了模块化的编程方法，这样不仅便于算法的编程，还可以使操作界面清晰明了，便于对图像进行处理和操作，提高处理速度。 本文除了研究该系统所涉及到的数字图像处理技术和方法，还对这些技术和方法的算法利用编程语言的模块实现做了深入细致的研究。结合各种算法的基本原理，给出了各算法模块的结构框图，为编制程序提供了坚强有力的理论依据，大大减少了在编制程序过程中所出现的错误，有利于各个功能模块的扩充，而使这个检测系统不断完善。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since 1950’s to this day digital image processing has gotten much and broad application in the communication, video transmission, medicine, printing and dyeing industry, industry inspection and other fields. The technologies and methods of digital image processing have also gotten deep research and development. This paper mainly uses the technologies and methods of digital image processing and computer grogram language to research and develop a glass-crack inspecting system. We can judge whether the image is a crack or not from the digital image processing methods that the inspecting system applies us. The technologies and methods in this system can make a stable base to further research and practical manufacture.This paper first briefly introduces some basic conceptions of digital image processing including its history, characteristic, application field and future developing direction. Then this paper narrates the collecting system of digital image. It includes hardware equipments and foundational theory of the image digitization. This paper expatiates on some digital image processing technologies that the inspecting system may apply to the research and analysis of the collected glass-crack image. Using neighborhood average method and median filter retrains the image noises and make the image edge smooth. Then protract the histogram of the gray image, get the threshold of this image, utilize the threshold method and gray-level slice method to get a binary image, and detect the image edge. Finally calculate the area and perimeter of the glass-crack image, and use the circularity to judge whether this image is a glass-crack image. During the course of using the digital image processing to research and analyze the glass-crack image, apply Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 grogram language to develop this inspecting system and make the varied arithmetic some individual processing modules. From the open, read and storage of the image to the image segmentation, feature selection until the crack judgment, this system all utilize the modularization program method. It is convenient for programming, operation and processing, makes the operation interface clear and concise, and heighten the7processing speed.This paper also deep researches the module programming of the arithmetic that used in this system. Combining the basic theory of the arithmetic, this paper presents the configuration framework of the arithmetic. It provides the convincing theory foundation to programming, reduces the mistake, makes for the arithmetic extension and makes this system constantly perfect.更多还原