超声波油量测量仪的研究

【作者】 崔艳；

【导师】 苗长云；

【作者基本信息】 天津工业大学 ， 计算机应用技术， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 液位仪广泛应用于石油、化工领域。实现无接触测量、智能化管理是现代工业、商业的发展方向。利用超声波检测液位、料位、厚度和探测水下地形是一种准确、经济的方法。 本课题针对加油站储油罐中油量的测量问题，深入讨论了用超声波作为信号源进行液位测量的可行性及优越性，讨论了产生误差的各种原因，提出了相应的解决办法。 超声波油量测量仪以单片机AT89C52最小系统为核心，以超声波测距原理为理论依据，利用超声波作为控制信号对油量进行自动检测和数据处理，减少了测量过程中的人工干预，提供了一个带有显示、键盘的人机对话界面，方便了操作人员对油量的实时监控，通过微型打印机或与PC机进行通信等方式打印、保存有关数据，能够更好地对油量的存储情况进行管理。 确定了总体方案后，在对超声波测距的可行性进行了理论分析的基础上，利用计算机技术、电子技术、以及超声波在介质中的传播特性等，研制出了超声波油量测量仪的硬件部分，编写了相应的软件程序，并进行了调试和试运行。在硬件电路的设计中，由于需要测的距离较长(几米到十几米)，针对超声波振幅在传播时呈指数衰减的特性，最大限度地提高驱动能力，对回波进行多级放大，达到了设计要求。在软件设计中，我们采用模块化程序设计思想，将软件分为超声波驱动与数据处理模块，功能模块两大类，每个模块又由若干小模块组成。对软件的这种处理能使软件的结构清晰，有利于软件的调试和修改。由于本设计对计算的精度要求比较高，所以采用C51编程，借助C语言的浮点计算能力提高计算精度。另外，为了保证超声波油量测量仪工作的可靠性和稳定性，在软、硬件两个方面都采取了相应的抗干扰措施。 利用计算机技术和超声波测距原理研制出来的超声波油量测量仪，成本低，操作简便，功能强大，与传统的液位测量方法相比，具有非接触、速度快、精度高、自动控制、可靠性强、价格低廉等优点，有广泛的应用前景和使用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Level measurement instrument is widely used in the fields of oil industry and chemical industry. It is a direction of development of modern industry and commerce to realize no contact measurement and intelligent management. It is an accurate and economic way to use ultrasonic to measure liquid level, material level and thickness and topography under water.This theme deals with measuring oil in the oil tank at the gas station. In this theme, there is further discussion about the feasibility and advantage of using ultrasonic as the signal source to measure distance. This oil measurement ultrasonic instrument takes the smallest system of the chip computer AT89C52 as the core and takes the theory of ultrasonic measurement as the basis .It uses ultrasonic to measure the oil automatically and also deals with data in order to decrease artificial interfere and provides a person-computer screen with a show and a keyboard, which is convenient for the operators carrying out the measurement control. The operators can print and keep some data using micro-printers or communicating with PC in order to manage the store of oil amount very well.On the base of a determined general plan, by using computer and electronic technology and the theory of ultrasonic measurement, we have designed and made the part of hard ware of the oil measurementultrasonic instrument and write some software process and make debugging and do some running-in experiments. During designing hardware circuit, we have used the supreme limitation to raise driving-ability and raise the distance of measurement to returning ware by taking some measurements just like multi-polar enlarging, according to the ultrasonic characteristic of index attenuation when it’s spreading because we need to measure longer distance (from several meters to dozens of meters). During the process of making software, we apply the thought of process design of mould plate and mainly divide software into types just like the ultrasonic driving and data disposal mould plate and the functional mould plate. Each mould is made up of several small mould plates. Dealing with the software like that not only makes the structure of the software clearer, but also is good for adjustments and amendments of the software. Because this design demands more accurate calculation, this process C51 is used in it. And we use floating calculation to improve calculation precision. Besides, anti-disruption measure is used in both hardware and software in order to check the reliability and stability of oil measurement ultrasonic instrument.By using this oil measurement ultrasonic instrument that is made according to computer skills and the theory of level measurement, although it has low cost and is easy to operate, its function is powerful. Compared with the traditional measurement, it has some advantages suchas faster speeds, more accuracy and good reliability and has wide application, bright future and great value.更多还原