【作者】 郭元；

【导师】 李振斌；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 课程与教学论， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 回顾我国体育课程发展的历史，探讨其发展规律，对研究中小学体育课程改革是十分重要的。中小学课程的核心是课程目标、课程设置、课程内容和要求。历史上各个时期的课程目标、课程设置、内容和要求主要反映在课程标准或教学大纲里，因此研究建国以来我国中学体育大纲的发展变化，将近60年来反映我国体育课程发展的主要资料汇集在一起，能为广大体育课程研究人员以及体育教学第一线的教育工作者研究我国中小学体育课程改革提供一些帮助。 本文通过文献资料法研究了建国以来我国中学体育大纲的七次发展变化；并对每次大纲的具体变化进行了分析，探究了体育大纲发展变化的趋势。研究认为：我国中学体育大纲发展变化的趋势是学校体育目标不断增强健康性；学校体育内容不断丰富，突出理论与实践相结合，基础理论知识和选修教材的比例不断增加；学校体育考核与评价逐渐由只重视学习结果的考核、测验和评价向既重视结果更重视过程的综合评价转变；大纲的灵活性不断增强，大纲的实施更注重各地区的实际情况。 运用问卷调查法、访问座谈法、和专家访谈法，重点研究了当前中学体育与健康教学大纲在中学体育教学中的实施现状。研究认为：目前部分中学体育教师和学生对当前实行的体育与健康教学大纲认识不足，对“健康第一”的教育思想认识较为肤浅，思想比较混乱，急需我们加强宣传教育，提高认识：对体育与健康课程改革的认识不够，没有准确理解体育与健康教育概念的涵义以及改革课程目标的意义；体育与健康教育实施的措施不到位，大多数学校仍然是原有的体育教育内容及方式，没有按照素质教育要求深化改革，部分中学体育与健康教育的实施现状不能令人满意，大多数学校的体育显性课程仍然处在原有的实践状态，隐性课程重视不够，实践落后于理论；贯彻“健康第一”的体育教育思想，显得理论研究与实践现状落差很大；在校学生获得体育与健康教育程度远没有达到体育教育目标的要求，大多数学生没有获得应有的体育与健康教育的知识和方法，没有达到体质和健康的要求，健身保健意识和行为习惯没有养成，急需采取有效策略，提高教育效果；现行大纲对教师和学生都提出了新的要求，特别强调教师继续学习的能力和创新能力。 最后，本文结合当前世界各国体育课程发展的趋势和我国的具体国情，为我国下一步体育课程改革提出了建议。在指导思想上，必须以“健康第一”的指导思想为宗旨；在课程发展目标上，必须结合教育的总目标和体育健康学科的自身特点，在全面育人的基础上，努力培养学生的终身健康与终身体育意识、能力和行为；在体育课程内容的选择上，注意增加体百敌材的科学性、实效性和趣味性：在体育课程编制过程中，注意增加选修内容，将课外体育活动纳入体育课程，按多元化原则改革体育课结构，增大体育课程的总体弹性：在体育课程评价中，必须改革以运动技评和达标考核体育成绩的体制和做法，建立以增强体质实效为中心的成绩考核制度；做好体育教师的职前、职初、职后教育，形成体育教师教育一体化，提高体育教师的素质；合理吸取国外发达国家体育课程改革的经验，更好的发挥我国传统体育运动项目。更多还原

【Abstract】 In retrospect, that inquiring into the rule of our China Physical Education teaching programme is very important for studying the P.E. reform of curriculum in high school. The core of high school’s course is the aim of courses, curriculum, content and requirement. Looking back, we find that the three aspects in the history mainly reflected in the fields of teaching standard and programme .We study the development and change of our high school P.E. leaching programme, which is beneficial to numerous sports curriculum researchers and the front P.E. teachers to study P.E. reform of high school.In this thesis, I study the 7 changes since liberation on the basis of documents analysis; meanwhile analyzed the concrete changes of every time’s; and the tendency of the development of high school P.E.teaching programme. The results are as follows: the tendency of our China high school P.E. teaching programme development is strengthening health continuously; the content is enriched; theory and practice combined well, the proportion of basic theories and elective courses are raising. The P.E. examination and evaluation changed gradually form valuing the exams and evaluation of the study result to minding results and process. The flexibility of the programme is reinforced and put into effect with laying stress on different situation in different areas.Current situation of physical and health education in high school in China were investigated and analyzed by the ways of questionnaire, experts interview, and mathematical statistics. As far as I am concerned; at present, some of high school P.E. teachers and students did not understand the present P.E. and health-teaching programme completely. The understanding of ’health first’ is shallow and confused. It is urgent for us to enhance giving publicity to education, and improve knowledge; because of lacking the knowledge of them, they didn’t understand the meaning of P.E. and health courses concept; their steps weren’t proper, most schools have used the former P.E. content and approaches. They didn’t reform deeply according to quality education. Wearen’t satisfied with the present situation of most high school’s P.E. and health education; dominant courses in most high school have not been improved while recessive courses are not stressed enough; practice fell behind theory .It is apparent that theory study and practice have a long distance. Most of the students are not so well educated as they should be; They didn’t have the knowledge and method about physical and health education. Neither did they reach the requirement of physical and health, nor foster the health consciousness and behavior habits. It is urgent to take the efficient tactics. In order to proving education result both teachers and students are required by that especially emphasize the further study and creativity ability of teachers.In the end, the article gives some suggestions for our next step of P.E. teaching programme reform on the basis of the development tendency of the P.E. curriculum in the world. When formulating physical education and target system of health course, guiding ideology of "Health First" should be established; we should try our best to foster life long health and P.E. consciousness, ability, and behavior; by combining the general aim of education and the characteristics of P.E. health subject; the contents of P.E. curriculum should be scientific, useful, and interesting; during the organizing process of P.E. courses, we should pay much attention to add elective courses, bring outside class activities into P.E. courses, reform the structure of P.E. courses according to many-faceted principle and amplify the general elasticity; the evaluation of Sports curriculum must be deeply reformed to meet the requirement of quality education of the students; we should set up a nationwide integrated education system for cultivation of physical education teachers, and improve their quality; learning form the experience of P.E. courses reform of other developed countries , we can develop our tr更多还原