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拉萨市中学生生物学学习情况调查与分析研究

An Investigation and Analytical Study on High School Students’ Biology Learning in Lhasa

【作者】 罗媛

【导师】 张迎春; 陶树兴;

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 , 教育, 2002, 硕士

【摘要】 为了与国际教育接轨,以1999年《面向21世纪教育振兴行动计划》颁布和第三次全教会召开为起点,开始的新一轮基础教育课程改革2001年秋季已进入了试点实验阶段,并且高中新课程的研制工作也已全面启动。 我国是一个多民族的国家,在我国社会主义现代化建设中,促进各民族的平等、团结和共同繁荣是党的一切民族政策的根本出发点和中心任务,要完成这一中心任务,必须把发展民族教育放在首要地位。民族教育是我国社会主义教育体系的重要组成部分,民族教育的发展,将使新的具有中国社会主义特色的教育体系的基本框架更加完善。如何发展西藏的民族教育,为推动基础教育课程改革在西藏民族地区的推行和实施奠定基础,是本研究的根本出发点。 西藏是我国五个少数民族自治区之一,教育还较为落后,教学体系与其它省市的也不同,存在区外办学和区内办学。区内学校分藏文班(藏族学生)和汉文班(藏族学生+汉族学生),在中学,有用汉语文授课的汉文班和藏文班,以及用藏语文授课的藏文班,影响学生学习的因素较为复杂。在教学中,老师教得累,学生学得苦的现象普遍存在。具所查资料显示,近十年来,还没有人对中学生生物学学习情况做出调查,本调查是第一次做这项工作,本调查的目的在于: 1、了解西藏中学生学习生物学的兴趣和动机。 2、了解西藏中学生学习生物学的学习方法和学习习惯。 3、了解西藏中学生物学教学情况及学生对生物教学的要求。 4、找出影响学生学习生物学的原因,提出教育建议,为自己及西藏的同行今后的教学工作提供参考,为西藏的民族教育教学改革奠定基础。 本文采用问卷调查法,自己编制了拉萨市中学生生物学学习情况调查问卷,对西藏自治区拉萨市区的两所高中和四所初中的正在开设生物课的初一、初二、高二、高三年级的1000名学生进行了有关生物学学习情况的调查与分析。主要调查了学生对生物学的学习兴趣,学习动机,学生的学习毅力,学习习惯和方法(包括预习、复习、笔记、听课、作业、实验、课外阅读等),以及学生对生物教学情况的评价与要求(包括学生对教师教学情况的评价与要求,学生对教学设备、教学内容、教材的评价与要求)等几方面的情况。通过分析,结果表明: 1、拉萨市的中学生,对生物课是感兴趣的。藏族学生比汉族学、理科学生比文科学生、高二学生比高三学生的兴趣高。学生对学习生物学有较明确的认识,高中学生比初中学生、理科学生比文科学生、高二学生比高三学生的学习动机强。 2、学生喜欢生物课的原因一是认为生物知识与生活有联系,对今后工作和生活有用,二是认为生物课本身有趣以及生物实验多,三是因为要升学,升学因素对理科学生影响很大。学生不喜欢生物课的原因主要是认为生物学内容难学懂和教材没有吸引力。 3、拉萨市中学生(特别是初中学生)的学习对老师的依赖性很强,缺乏积极主动的学习态度。学生的学习习惯和学习方法有待改善和加强,学主(特别是高中学生)也希望能得到学习方法指导, 4、拉萨市初、高中学校的办学条件存在一定程度的差别,从而教师的教学方法和手段也不一样。总的来说,教师的教学方法和手段还是过于传统,缺乏对现代教育技术的使用。课堂上缺乏对生物科学发展新进展的介绍,生物实验课开出率很低,生物课外活动儿乎没有。学生却希望老师能结合现代教育技术进行教学,能介绍国内外生物科学发展的新进展,多开实验,多组织生物课外活动,增加生物实用技术等。 5、生物课以汉语文授课,教材也是使用的全国统编教材,这给学生的学习带来许多困难。学生(特别是高中学生)希望能改换教材,增加教材中的彩色插图,实验内容,增加实用技术,以及用西藏常见的生物做例子等。 在调查分析的基础上认为:西藏中学生物教学,受多种因素的影响,不论是教育管理层,还是教师本人,比须要从多方面着手,解决学生的学习困难。对中学主物教学提出的教育建议有: l、正确对待中学生物学教学 2、转变教学观念 3、加强生物学学法指导,教会学生学习 4、根据藏族学主的认知特点和西藏的实际情况,改进生物课课堂教学 5、加强现代教育技术建设,缩短与先进地区的差距 6、加强西藏地方课程建设,使教材民族化、本地化 7、加强教师队伍建设和教师的继续教育 S、加强汉语文教学,提高学生的汉语理解和接受能力

【Abstract】 In order to be in line with the international education, basic education has been changed, aiming at competence education.For promoting basic education reform and curriculum reform, and also for providing experimental data for the reform, I had this study.The purposes of this study are these:1. To know high school students’ interests and motivation in biology learning.2. To know high school student’ learning methods and learning habits in biology learning.3. To understand the biology teaching and student’ needs for instruction.4. To explore the factors which influence student’ learning.Participants were 1000 high school student in Lhasa. Questionnaire includes 5 items, interests, motivation, insistence, methods and habits, evaluation and needs for teaching. In the item - learning methods and habits, seven methods were investigated- preview, review, taking notes, listening, exercising, experiments, reading. The item- evaluation and needs for teaching, has four parts: for teachers, for teaching equipment, for teaching contents, for books.This study has four results:1. Students have interests in biology learning, and motivation on biology learning. Tibetan students have interests stronger than Hans, science students stronger than art students, senior grade-2 than senior grade-3.2. In general, students’ interests in biology study are influenced by these causes: 1st-knowledge about biology is related to life and society; 2nd -biology provides them an interested learning environment; 3rd -need for admission to university. Some students attribute their no interests to two factors: the book is difficult and the contents arrangement has no attraction for them.3. Students’ unscientific learning methods and habits should be changed, with student’ dependence on teachers and students’ inactive attitude, scientific learningmethods should be provided to students.4. Because of the difference in equipments and the difference in teachers’ competence, there are differences in instructional methods between junior high school and senior high school. Generally, instructional methods are traditional, instructional appliance is old-fashioned, and modern instructional technology is not used in classroom. And the advances development of biology is not introduced. There is no experimental lesson, and no activity out of lesson. Students have a strong desire for teachers using instructional technology, introducing progresses in biology, having more experimental lessons, giving directs to their engagements into activity out of lesson, teaching some practical skill with relations to living.5. Students in senior high school demand that biology textbook should be reformed, colorful pictures should be increased. Examples about Tibet should be provided.In this paper, some suggestions about biological education in Tibet’s high schools are pointed out as below:1. Teachers and government should have a correct attitude towards biology teaching in high school.2. Instructional ideas should be changed.3. Teachers should engage in teaching students learning to learn.4. Biology teaching should be integrated with Tibet’s environment and Tibetan students’ practical level.5. Modern instructional technology should be introduced to the education in high school.6. School should provide students with locality curricula.7. Teacher education should be enhanced.8. Chinese education should be strengthened, so as to improve their understanding ability.

  • 【分类号】G633.91
  • 【被引频次】6
  • 【下载频次】613
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