【作者】 李淑顺；

【导师】 汤庚国；

【作者基本信息】 南京林业大学 ， 园林植物与观赏园艺， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本文研究了蝴蝶兰、石斛兰等名贵兰花不同外植体的快速繁殖方法，及蝴蝶兰的施肥技术，从而为兰花的产业化生产提供科学的理论指导。 对蝴蝶兰（Phalaenopsis）花梗侧芽进行表面灭菌对比。结果表明，75％酒精3s结合0.1％HgCl₂10min大大提高了外植体的存活率。 试验中分别在培养基中加入0.3％、0.5％、0.8％、1％、1.2％的活性炭（AC），经试验对比，发现Ac8g／L处理可作为蝴蝶兰褐变防止的有效手段。 蝴蝶兰花梗侧芽的诱导中，发现Kyoto和MS培养基中的花梗侧芽萌动率最高皆达到59％；同时发现6-BA浓度太高容易出现细弱的萌芽。因此花梗侧芽启动培养基配方被确定为MS，激素浓度：BA5mg／L+NAA0.1mg／L。 继代周期分别设为15d、20d、25d、30d，比较其对芽增殖和恢复生长的影响，结果表明经常转接（15d）能有效提高蝴蝶兰新芽的增殖率。 在培养基中加入不同体积比的天然提取物，研究不同处理对芽增殖的影响。发现CM对蝴蝶兰丛生芽增殖略有促进作用，而BN则起到了较明显的抑制作用。 不同序列的叶片切块接种到原球茎（PLB）诱导培养基中，借此研究叶片的分生能力及叶片原球茎（PLB）的诱导。结果发现序列为1的幼叶生活力最强，接种10d便有生长从而变得弯曲；第二第三序列的叶片则出现了黄化、死亡现象。 不同6-BA浓度梯度用于蝴蝶兰幼嫩叶片的PLB诱导，随着6-BA浓度的加大，叶片长势渐好，30d后所有叶片切块的切口皆出现了PLB的雏形，其中6-BA5mg／L的配方最佳。 将石斛兰茎节切段接种在含有不同激素配比的潜伏芽诱导培养基中，60d后发现石斛兰潜伏芽极易萌发，随着培养时间的增长潜伏芽萌动率一直呈上升趋势。6-BA2+NAA0.1诱导效果最好，培养40d潜伏芽萌动率已接近100％。 将试管中的石斛兰嫩芽放在不同的光、温环境中进行丛生芽诱导，60天后看出，较强的光照与较高的温度，利于芽的增高长大，而较弱的光照与较低的温度利于芽数量的增加，但长出的小苗不如强光照下长得健壮。 利用正交试验研究四种基质与施肥方法对蝴蝶兰生长发育的影响。结果表明，灰色关联度最高（R_i=0.69337）的处理组合是水藓基质施氮200（N，mg／L），NPK（20％：15％：15％），现蕾后以PK肥加微量元素处理。施肥方法和基质是影响蝴蝶兰开花数量的两个主要因子。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on tissue culture.the paper have reseached the fertilization of orchids to direct the Industrialization.The main results are as follows:1.After being sterilized on the surface of explants, side-buds on pedicel of Phalaenopsis were inoculated into the startup culture medium.The result indicated that being sterilized with 75% alcohol (3 seconds)and 0.1% HgC12 (10minutes),the survival rate of explants were improved obviously.2.AC (Active charcoal) was believed the efficient method to prevent the account of browny explants.In experiment,different proportion of AC( 0.3%,0.5%, 0.8%,1%,1.2%)were used.It was advised that 0.8%AC was the best account to prevent browny.3.MS, Kyoto and VW were used to induce sprouts from side-buds on pedicel of Phalaenopsis,and 6-BA, NAA were used as plant-growth regulators. It showed that the culture medium Kyoto and Ms had the same effect in inducing sprouts. And MS+6-BA5mg/L+NAA0.1 mg/L was advised to be the ideal culture medium.4.Different Continious cycles (15d, 20d, 25d, 30d) were compared in the experiment of multiplication of clustered buds.It was found that the shorter the continious-cycle was,the higher the multiplication rate was. When the continious-cycle is long enough,the sprouts would become fade at last.5. Different natural-pickups were introduced into MS to enhance multiplication rate.The result indicated that CM had a little effect in enhancing multiplication rate,but BN obviously had the opposite effect,namely restrain.6.In order to study the differentiation ability of leaf of Phalaenopsis, and the producting-rate of PLB,leaves of different sequence were inoculated into suitable culture medium.It showed that the younger the leaf was,the better the differentiation ability was.7.Using different concentration of 6-BA to induce PLB from young leaf of Phalaenopsis,found that the denser the 6-BA was,the better the effect was.And 6-BA5mg/L was found the best concentration.8. Different Plant-Growth-Regulators combinations were used to induce the potential buds on stem of Dendrobium.lt was found that the potential buds of Dendrobium cound be induced easily,and that 6-BA2+NAA0.1 was the best combination after 60 days’ culture.9.Experiment showed that strong light and appreciably high temperature made for big but feeble and few buds.On the contrary, faint light and appreciably lowtemperature made for many and strong buds.10. Effect of media (four type) and NPK fertilizer method on growth and flowering of Phalaenopsis were studied in plastics shed with method of orthogonal design and Gray relational grade analysis(complex index of evaluation).Results showed that media and fertilizer were the two dominating factors which influnce number of flowers. Treating combination of N(in NO3)200 (mg/L), with NPK(20%:15%:15%) were applied on sphagnum media by which the maximum gray relational grade was obtain before budding PK and trace elements were applied.Next is saw dust mix river snad (1:1) ,NO3 200 mg/L,N,P and K in proportion of 20%:10%:10%,NP and trace elements were fertilized before flower-bud breaking.The third was peanut hull amend with sand ,and N100mg/L in ratio of NPK(15%:15%:15%).The lowesd was that river sand amend KD-1-Hydrophilic gel.更多还原