【作者】 顾文芸；

【导师】 芦建国；

【作者基本信息】 南京林业大学 ， 园林植物与观赏园艺， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 高速公路的建设对生态环境造成了极大的影响，为降低这种破坏程度，高速公路绿化已成为高速公路建设中一项不可缺少的内容。 高速公路绿化主要由三部分组成，即路体绿化、服务区绿化以及互通立交区的绿化。其中，路体绿化是本文研究的重点，包括以下三个方面：中央分隔带绿化、边坡绿化与两侧预留带的绿化。主要内容如下： 1．路体绿地立地条件分析 高速公路在修建过程中，采用了很多的石灰、粉煤灰、沥青、石块等材料，一方面使原有的土壤结构被彻底破坏，土质十分贫瘠，另一方面路基抬高影响地下水位上升，土壤十分干旱。另外，快速繁忙的车流量、复杂多变的地形等因素使得高速公路夏季高温高躁、冬季高寒高风、空气污染严重等等，非常不利于植物生长。 2．路体绿化植物选择 路体绿地有着特殊的立地条件，要使绿化取得成功，选择适宜的植物是非常关键的。“因地制宜，适地适树，栽培简单，管理粗放”是植物选择的原则。不同的气候地理条件，生长着不同的植物。论文以江苏省四大区域为划分依据，分析了各区域的自然条件，并列出相应的本土植物与适宜路体绿化的外来优良材料。 3．路体绿化植物配置模式 路体绿化各部分有着不同的功能和技术要求。中央分隔带以防眩为主，边坡以固土护坡为主，两侧预留带以防噪、固尘等改善路域环境为主。在此前提下，通过对植物多样性选择，以园林化手段科学合理地配置，提出多种观赏模式。 4．路体绿化养护管理 养护管理是路体绿化成功的关键因素之一。高速公路路线长、面积大，养管繁琐、困难。论文以作者的调研总结和实践经验为基础，对养管的各项作业分析了其必要性并提出具体实施的方法。 5．实例分析 论文共分析了三个实例，分别为： (1)连徐高速邳州段边坡绿化：着重分析边坡绿化植物的生长情况，并进行对比； (2)宁杭高速江苏段景观绿化：由于宁杭高速公路绿化强调景观设计，故主要对中央分隔带的植物配置、边坡及两侧预留带的绿化方式进行分析总结； (3)南京机场高速公路绿化：作为已经通车六年的高速公路，其成功的绿化经验是值得学习和借鉴的，故论文着重分析其植物的选择和配置方式。 6．绿化效益分析 路体绿化不仅产生了良好的社会与环境效益，如改善行车环境、发挥生态功能等，更是取得了良好的经济效益，如节约成本、降低运营费用等。更多还原

【Abstract】 The expressway construction made a great harmful impact to ecological environment. In order to eliminate the demolishment, the expressway greening hadbeen an important part of the expressway construction.The expressway greening is mainly composed of three parts: road greening, service station greening and interchange district greening. Among them, road greening is the emphasis of this paper, including the following three aspects: middle departing belt greening, side slope greening and laterally pretectal belt greening. The main content is as follows.1. The analysis of micro-climate site of the road greenbeltIn the building process of expressway, a lot of calcareousness, powder of coal ash, asphaltum and stone were put into used. On one hand, it completely destroys the original soil structure, making the soil really barren, on the other hand, the rise of roadbed also affects the ground water to go up, making the soil very drought. Besides, the fast and busy cars flux, the complicated variable landforms make the highway extremely hot in summer, cold and windy in winter, and the atmosphere is seriously polluted. All these factors go against the growth of plants.2. The selection of plants in the road greeningRoad greening has its own special soil conditions. It is very crucial to select the plants to achieve the success of the road greening. "Adjust measures to local conditions, suitable plants and suitable road, simple planting, easy management" are the principle of plants selection. There are different plants growing in various climates and geographic conditions. According to the four main districts in Jiangsu province, this paper analyzes the natural conditions in each district, and lists its indigenous plants and the external fine species which are suitable for the road greening.3. The plant arrangement mode of the road greeningEach part of the road greening has different functions and technological requirements. Middle departing belt is responsible for preventing the dizzy from the opposite vehicles;side slope greening is responsible for fixing the soil and protecting the slope; laterally pretectal belt greening is responsible for improving the road environment such as preventing the noise and dust. Under this precondition, this paper put forward various viewing mode by selecting diverse plants and arranging plants scientifically and reasonably.4. The maintenance management of the road greeningMaintenance management is one of the key factors for the success of the road greening. Expressway’s distance is long, area is large. So the maintenancemanagement is loaded with trivial details and difficulties. This paper is based on the author’s investigation and practice experience, analyzing the necessity of each maintenance management busywork and putting forward the specific implement methods.5. Case analysisThis paper has analyzed three cases in sum, there are:(l)The slope greening in Lianxu expressway’s Pizhou part: emphasis on analyzing the situation of plants growing in the side slope greening and comparing.(2)The greening in NingHang expressway’s Jiangsu part: because the main point of NingHang expressway is landscape design, the main task is to conclude the plants arrangement in the middle departing belt and the means of side slope and laterally pretectal belt greening.(3)Nanjing airport expressway’s road greening: as a highway which has been opened to traffic for six years, it’s successful experience is worth to study and use for reference. So this paper puts emphasis on analyzing the plants selection and arrangement means.6. Benefit of greening analysis.Road greening not only produces nice social and environmental benefit, such as improving driving environment and exerting ecological functions, but also gains nice economic benefit, such as saving the cost and lowering the operating expenses.更多还原