【作者】 刘永珍；

【导师】 赵尘；

【作者基本信息】 南京林业大学 ， 森林工程， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 近几年我国的公路建设事业得到快速的发展，同时也带来了日益严峻的环境问题。作为发展中国家，尽快建立一个能够适应现在及未来发展需要的公路网，并实现公路建设的可持续发展是非常重要的。但公路建设对环境的影响不仅发生在公路建成后，在公路建设施工过程中也同样会对环境造成影响，然而这一问题往往被忽视。对生态环境的破坏主要发生在这一时期，如不采取有效措施将会造成生态劫难。本文对公路建设施工期的环境影响研究，有利于减轻公路建设项目在施工期对环境的危害，对促进公路建设与社会、经济、环境效益的协调发展具有重要的现实意义。研究的主要成果如下： 首先，在汲取国内外研究成果并总结现有公路环保实践经验的基础上，对公路建设项目施工期的环境影响进行系统的分析和阐述，特别指出公路施工期的环境影响主要是对自然资源和生态环境的破坏。 其次，系统地分析了公路施工期水土流失的特点、土壤侵蚀的敏感单元、引起土壤侵蚀的外来动力因素及水土流失的预测方法，同时指出我国目前水土流失预测存在的问题。在此基础上对现有的工程项目实施中的土壤侵蚀的防护措施进行了实效性分析，指出其中存在的问题，提出了工程建设实施过程中的水土保持措施。 再次，分析并比较了有代表性的公路建设项目环境影响综合评价方法。由于公路建设项目施工期涉及的环境因子众多，其中包括可以量化和难以量化的环境因子，因此提出层次分析法适用于公路建设项目施工期的环境影响综合评价。建立了基于层次分析法的公路工程施工期环境影响综合评价模型，并对该方法的实际应用进行了实例分析。 最后，确立了公路建设项目施工期环境影响生态评价的基本原则、评价要点及其评价内容。初步探索了如何将生态学原理应用于公路施工期环境影响评价，其核心思想是利用生态学原理从生态系统的整体结构和功能上来分析公路施工期对生态环境的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, highway projects have developed at an extremely fast speed in China, which brought on increasingly severe environmental problems. It is vital to meet the growing demands for highway transportation while protection to the environment fits the developing country. Highway impacts on the environment take place not only during use but also during construction phase. However, the latter is often neglected in practice. Moreover, ecological environment impacts of highway projects mainly occur in the construction stage. Lack of effective protection may result in ecological disasters. This paper focused on construction phase of highway projects to analyze the environmental impacts incurred. The study will help to avoid, minimize, and mitigate the adverse effects of highway construction on natural environmental resources and further promote sustainable development of highway projects in harmonious with community, economy, and environment. The main results of the research are as follows:Firstly, systematic analysis on environment problems in highway construction was made based on the results of research at home and abroad. It was especially pointed out that the main environment impacts during highway construction are destruction of natural resources and ecological environments.Secondly, the soil erosion during highway construction was studied. The features, the topographic units sensitive to erosion, the dynamic factors and the forecast methods of soil erosion from highway construction were presented. Conservation measures for soil and water during highway construction were given, applying present protection measures of water and soil in engineering to highway practices.Furthermore, a comparative analysis of comprehensive assessment methods on environmental impacts of highway was made. It was pointed out that Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is suitable to comprehensive assessment of environmental impacts of highway construction considering complicated environmental factors involved. A model of assessment was presented and applied to a practical example to show the applicability of the model.Lastly, the basic principles, assessment essentials and contents of ecological environment impact assessment of highway construction were established. The ecological principles were applied to assess environment impacts of highway construction.更多还原