【作者】 罗枭；

【导师】 史忠良；

【作者基本信息】 江西财经大学 ， 产业经济学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本文是以新古典经济学作为理论基础的。作者从新古典经济学关于理性人的假设出发，通过一系列的逻辑分析，认为：在市场经济条件下，经济主体都是追求自身偏好最大化的理性人。所以要解决目前中国的诚信缺失问题，不能仅仅通过空洞的道德说教来引导人们诚实守信，而只能尊重客观实际，从市场经济的特点出发，通过一定的制度安排来重新设计人们守信与否的成本对比或者收益对比，使他们从自身利益的角度出发，主动守信。这些制度安排之一就是个人信用制度。 本文分为四个部分： 第一部分提供整篇文章的分析框架，包括对信用进行有针对性的定义、对信用特点的讨论、个人信用制度的概述、信用机制发生作用的条件以及对失信行为的分析与相对应的规制分析。其中核心部分是信用机制发生作用的条件，因为它使得本文的对策部分有了理论支持，于是更加的有的放矢，同时也更具有实际意义。信用机制发生作用的条件具体包括：第一、博弈必须是重复的，或者说，交易必须以足够高的概率持续下去；第二、当事人必须有足够的耐心；第三、当事人的不诚实行为能被及时观察到；第四、当事人必须有足够的积极性和可能性对交易对手的欺骗行为进行惩罚。从这个角度来看，信用制度实际上是使交易者为了交易带来的长远利益而抵制眼前短期利益诱惑的机制。作者还借用信息经济学理论把失信行为分为“隐藏知识”和“隐藏行动”两类，并有针对性的提出了规制方法，即：对“隐藏知识”采取建立“信号传递机制”的方法，尽量使交易各方的信息对称起来；对“隐藏行动”采取建立“信用激励机制”的方法，使代理人主动采取与委托人既定目标一致的行动。 第二部分重点介绍了我国个人信用制度的现状以及存在的问题。我国个人信用制度建设虽然取得了一定的进展，但问题还是明显的，仍然需要进一步研究解决。我国个人信用制度存在的问题有：信用中介服务的市场化程度很低；个人信用评估缺乏统一标准；信用数据的市场开放度低，缺乏个人信息的正常获取和检索途径；国家信用管理体系不健全，缺乏有效的失信惩罚机制等。 第三部分是对发达国家经验的研究，以作为我国建设个人信用制度的借鉴。发达国家信用管理体系在规范信用交易方面发挥了非常重要的作用，大概由以下几个部分组成：第一，征信数据的开放和信用管理行业的发展；第二，信用管理法律体系的建立和执行；第三，政府对信用交易和信用管理行业的监督和管理，包括信用管理民间机构的建立；第四，信用管理正规教育和研究的发展。而发达国家个人信用制度的运作机制在信用管理体系的支持下不断趋于完善，内容也不断丰富，具体包括：个人资信档案登记制度、个人资信评估制度、个人信用风险预警机制、个人信用风险管理制度以及个人信用风险转嫁机制。通过对发达国家先进经验的研究，作者认为：第一、个人信用制度是国家信用管理体系和整个信用制度的重要内容，在市场经济逐步发展的今天，必须高度重视建立和完善个人信用制度；第二、尽快制订适合中国国情的信用管理相关立法方案；第三、开放数据源，加快发展征信市场：第四、发展个人信用，要健全个人信用组织机构，建立各项配套制度：第五、要加快信贷风险管理体系的建立等。 第四部分在上述分析的基础上提出了完善我国个人信用制度的对策建议，主要包括：加快法制建设，以完善的法律体系保证个人信用制度的健康发展：划分个人信息类型，实现个人征信数据的开放；发展我国信用中介机构：建立标准化的个人征信数据库；建立个人破产制度；建立健全失信惩罚制度；规范发展我国信用评级行业；大力发展个人信用管理教育等。更多还原

【Abstract】 This article takes the new classical economy as the theoretical basis. Starting from the "rational people" hypothesis, trough a series of analyses, the author draws a conclusion: Under the condition of market economy, all economic main bodies are "rational people" who are chasing for the maximization of their own preferences. It is not efficient to solve the problem of lack of honest and credit in China only with the inane moral sermon. The only solution is to redesign the comparison between the costs of keeping faith and breaking faith or the comparison between the gains from keeping faith and breaking faith with certain institutional arrangements to make them keep faith on their own initiatives. One of institutional arrangements is individual credit system.This article is made up of four parts:The first part provides the analytic frame for the whole article. It mainly comprises of defining the credit with pertinence, discussing the characteristics of the credit, the summary of the individual credit system, the condition of efficiency of the credit system, the analysis of the action of breaking faith and related regulations. The condition of efficiency of the credit system is the core part because it provides theoretic support to the countermeasure part of the article to make it have a definite object in view and more realistically meaningful. The condition of efficiency of the credit system concretely includes: first, the trade must continue with high probability; second, parties must be patient; third, the action of breaking faith can be observed in time; forth, parties must have sufficient initiative and possibility to punish the counter-party’s cheat. From the point of view, the credit system is actually a mechanism that makes the traders resist the temptation of short-term benefits from the opportunism actions for the long-term benefits from trade. The author divides the action of breaking faith into "hidden knowledge" and "hidden action" with the theory of information economy. The regulative related measures are also put forth, i.e. "signal transmission mechanism" for "hidden knowledge" and "credit inspiring mechanism" for "hidden action".The second part of the article introduces the actuality and problems of individual credit system in China. Although certain progresses have been made, there are many problems in the individual credit system in China. These problems includes: low degree of marketization of credit intermediary services; lack of unified standard of credit rating; low degree of opening of credit data market, lack of normal access to individual information; imperfect national credit management system, lack of efficient punishing mechanism towards the action of breaking faith.The third part concentrates on the research of foreign experience that is used as reference for China. In west developed countries, the national credit managementsystem played a very important role in normalizing the credit trade. It is made up of opening credit rating data and the development of credit management industry, establishing and enforcing of credit management law system, supervising and managing over credit trade and credit management industry by government, developing of the education and research on credit management. And the operating mechanism of individual credit systems of foreign countries is perfecting with the support of credit management system. Its content is getting richer and richer, including: the individual credit record booking system, the individual credit rating system, the individual credit risk forecasting mechanism, the individual credit risk managing system and the individual credit risk imputing mechanism. The foreign experience enlightens us that: first, high attention must be paid on the establishment and perfection of the individual credit system; second, related legislation according to China must be made as quick as possible; third, the source of the credit data must be opened to quicken the development of the market for credit rating; forth, institutional structur更多还原