公共空间内部声环境现状分析与评价方法研究

【作者】 贾继彦；

【导师】 李念平；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 有资料调查表明，人们百分之八十以上的时间是呆在室内，因此可以说室内环境与人们的生活息息相关。对人的工作效率、身心健康和生活舒适有直接影响的声、光、热等物理因素构成了建筑内部物理环境。人的生存离不开这些物理因素，但是声、光、热等物理量过高或过低又会对人造成伤害。因此，从人的工作效率、生活舒适、安全的角度对建筑的物理环境做出定量的评价是十分必要而且有益的。 本文针对建筑内部声环境对人的影响进行了分析和评价方面的研究，主要考虑具有HVAC系统的建筑物内部声环境。首先，本文比较系统、全面地分析了HVAC系统存在的噪声源，并对部分空调设备的发声机理进行了简单地说明，同时还阐述了系统噪声在建筑内部的传播。我们认为：建筑(使用HVAC系统)声环境的好坏取决于HVAC系统初期的设计，也就是如何解决好机械噪声、机械振动、风机噪声、管路噪声、气流噪声以及管路交互传递噪声这六方面的问题。同时，设备工程师与建筑师以及各不同工程师之间要做好协调、沟通工作，将问题解决在设计阶段，如果等问题出现之后再采取措施，不仅会增加工程造价，而且治理效果也不会很好。 在全面了解HVAC系统噪声的基础上，我们提出了一种新的噪声评价模式“测试—对比—分析—评价—调整—总结”。该评价方法借鉴了国外在噪声评价方面最新的研究成果，同时也考虑了国内目前的噪声评价状况，该方法不仅仅考虑了噪声声压级一个因素，同时还考虑了语言干扰级，以及噪声频谱的平衡性等问题，给工程人员以及建筑业主提供了建筑声环境方面充足的信息，这是很有意义的。 同时，为了验证该评价模式的可行性，我们对部分教学楼和办公场合的声环境进行了评价，其评价结果和主观调查结果基本一致。这说明所提出的评价模式科学合理，可以用来对声环境进行评价，也可以对出现噪声问题的场合进行诊断，分析原因，提出解决问题的方案。更多还原

【Abstract】 Some research dates indicate that the time people spend indoors is up to 80% as they spend outdoors. So that indoor environment is closely linked with people’ s life. Sound, lighting and thermal compose the building interior physical environment, which have direct impact on people’ s work efficiency, body health and physical comfort. People can’ t leave those physical factors, but if the physical factors level is too high or low, it may be a potentially detrimental factor on people health. So the considerations from angles of people’ s work efficiency, physical comfort and safety in rating and assessment of building interior physical environment are necessary and profitable.This paper researches the effect of building interior noise on people. HVAC-related noise is often the major source of background noise in many indoor spaces, so the buildings that have heating, ventilating, and air-conditioning system interior noise environment are the most important considerations. First, this paper systematically and entirely analyzes the HVAC-related noise sources, and briefly presents the generating mechanisms of noise in some air-conditioning equipments, and illustrates the propagation of system noise in building interior. It is concluded that the primeval design of HV’AC system decide that the building noise environment is good or bad. As to say how to resolve the six sides problems: machine noise, machine vibration, fan noise, duct noise, draft noise and cross-talk noise. At the same time, equipment engineer should effectively coordinate and communicate with architect and other engineer. Resolve the problems as building design is still in the concept stage. Once ductwork is installed, it is a major expense to change to a better duct design and the terminal control effect is not good. A smart engineer-architect-owner team knows where to spend money to prevent expensive noise problems and still save unnecessary costs.A new procedure for rating noise, measurement-analyzation-evalua-tion-adjustment-summarization, is developed which is based upon the comprehension of HVAC-system related noise. The refinements made to the original methodology are based upon not only the abroad new research about noise evaluation, but also upon the thought of the domestic base of current noise evaluation. The procedure involves not only considering the noise sound pressure level, but also considering the speech interference level and noise spectrum balance problems, which offer enough information about building noise environment for engineer and owner.At the same time, In order to validate the new procedure, using it evaluates some classrooms and offices noise. The rating result is consistent with the subjective response, which indicates that it is a comprehensive tool in formulating guidelines in acoustics design, is especially useful in the diagnosis of complaint situation in the field, when it is frequently necessary to determine where and how much the offending sound spectrum must be altered to satisfy the room occupant and analyze problems to put forward solving projects.更多还原