【作者】 张同心；

【导师】 孙绪艮； 崔为正；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 森林保护学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本文用“Y”形嗅觉仪法、风洞法和网室内观察法研究了松阿扁叶蜂Acantholyda posticalis Matsumura对7种树种气味物质的嗅觉反应，用网笼法和叶片形状对比法测试了松阿扁叶蜂Acantholyda posticalis成虫在寄主寻找过程中对叶片颜色与形状的反应，并利用固相微萃取SPME(Solid Phase Microextraction)吸附、用气相色谱—质谱联用仪GC-MS(Gas Chromaograph-Mass Spectrometer)分析了不同树叶挥发性物质成分，利用触角电位EAG(Electroantennogram)技术记录了松阿扁叶蜂对不同植物树叶挥发性物质的反应。结果摘要如下：1 松阿扁叶蜂成虫对不同树种挥发性物质的嗅觉反应“Y”形嗅觉仪法 松阿扁叶蜂成虫在寻找寄主植物的过程中，嗅觉参与反应，即松阿扁叶蜂能被寄主植物释放的化学气味物质所吸引，不同寄主植物对其引诱程度不同，其中油松、赤松作用最强，选择率达到66.3%；同种寄主植物对雌、雄成虫的引诱作用也存在差异。风洞法 松阿扁叶蜂对寄主植物，尤其是油松和赤松表现出了很强的趋向性，成虫趋向率达59.6%，多为爬行寻找寄主，其中5.3%的成虫逆风飞翔接近寄主；对非寄主植物雪松、白皮松无趋向性。网室内观察 松阿扁叶蜂对寄主植物油松、赤松、华山松、黑松有较强的选择性，选择率分别为11.43%、10.57%、10.79%、8.14%，而对非寄主植物雪松、白皮松、侧柏选择性不强，选择率分别为5.07%、4.22%、3.36%；雄成虫对寄主植物与雌成虫混合处理的选择性显著强于对寄主植物的选择性，增加达50%以上。林间观察 发生区内油松、赤松受害严重，而与油松、赤松同海拔且离油松林不远的华山松受害不严重，说明该虫的最适寄主应为油松、赤松。2 松阿扁叶蜂对不同颜色的趋向反应 松阿扁叶蜂对绿色表现出很强的趋向性，选择率为51.0%，对黄色、红色和粉红色的选择率分别为19.0%、13.0%和17.0%。3 松阿扁叶蜂对不同形状树叶的反应 松阿扁叶蜂对油松针叶的选择率为30.0%，侧柏鳞叶为19.8%，麻栎<WP=6>叶片为18.0%，而对照绿色条形滤纸为15.3%。4 不同植物挥发性物质的气相色谱—质谱分析 根据对油松、赤松、华山松、黑松等寄主植物针叶和雪松、白皮松、侧柏等非寄主植物树叶挥发性物质的分析结果认为：1）α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、石竹烯、β-月桂烯、苎烯、烯类物质A、α-石竹烯、α-法呢烯等气味物质在松阿扁叶蜂较远距离的寄主定向过程中起重要作用。2）L-α-醋酸冰片酯、萘烯A、萘烯B、十氢-4,8,8-三甲基-9-亚甲基-1,4-甲氧奥的单体或这4种组分在寄主植物挥发物中的特定比例组合可能对松阿扁叶蜂有引诱活性作用。3）3-蒈烯、β-水芹烯、苧烯不是引诱松阿扁叶蜂的物质。5 松阿扁叶蜂对不同寄主植物叶片挥发物的触角电位反应1）油松、赤松、华山松、雪松针叶挥发性物质引起的触角放电频率分别为43.7次/s、40.9次/s、39.4次/s和42.9次/s，而侧柏鳞叶挥发性物质引起的触角放电频率则为30.2次/s，与前者相比存在显著差异。2）寄主植物油松、赤松、华山松挥发性物质刺激产生的触角电位值较高，分别为1.040mV、1.100mV和0.690mV，而非寄主植物雪松、侧柏挥发性物质刺激产生的电位值则较低，分别为0.530mV和0.419mV。3）松阿扁叶蜂的触角电位活性与寄主植物叶片挥发性物质流量的变化趋势基本一致，流量越大，触角电位值越大。更多还原

【Abstract】 The olfactory response of Acantholyda posticalis to odor vlatiles from 7 species of trees(Pinus tabulaeformis, Pinus densiflora, Pinus armandi, Pinus thunbergii, Pinus bungeana, Cedrus deodara, Platycladus orientalis) were researched by using "Y"-shaped olfactomerer,wind tunnel and net cage,and the visusal selectivity of the insect to different colours and different shapes of green leaf blades also studied.The volatility substances from 5 species of host trees were extracted and analysed by means of SPME(Solid Phase Microextraction)and GC-MS(Gas Chromaogragh-Mass Spectrometer),using EAG(Electroantennogram),The result is following ：1. The odor responses of adult Acantholyda Posticalis to different host volatiles "Y"-olfactomerer In the process of adult Acantholyda Posticalis searching host plants ，The reaction has a hand in in the scent ,that’s,it can be attracted by the volatiles of host plants.Different hosts attribute their own degrees,and Actions of Pinus tabulaeformis and Pinus densiflora are best,at 66.3%. Certain species’ actions to female and male Acantholyda Posticalis are different. The wind-tunnel Acantholyda Posticalis shows great tendency to host plants, especially Pinus tabulaeformis and Pinus densiflora, at 59.6%. During the process of serching, adult almost crawl to the hosts (5.3% of them is flying up windly), and it shows no tendency to no-host plants.The observation of net cage Acantholyda Posticalis shows great preference to hosts, such as Pinus tabulaeformis, Pinus densiflora,Pinus armandi, Pinus thunbergii, the rate of choices are 11.43%, 10.57%, 10.79% and 8.14%, respectively. It is on the contrary to no-host, including Cedrus deodara, Pinus bungeana, Platycladus orientalis, respectively, 5.07%, 4.22% and 3.36%. Male shows more siginificent choice to the combination of hosts and female than only hosts.The observation of forest field Pinus tabulaeformis and Pinus densiflora in forest field are destroyed seriously, but Pinus armandi near the forest is light .It shows that the former could be the most suitable host of the pest. <WP=8>2.The tendency of Acantholyda Posticalis to the different colours The insect expressed very powerful tendency to the green，at 51.0%, To yellow 、The red is unobvious as the pink, respectively, 19.0%, 13.0% and 17.0%. 3. The tendency of Acantholyda Posticalis to the different shapes The insect shows tendency to the leaves of Pinus tabulaeformis at 30.0%, Platycladus orientalis, 19.8%; Quercus acutissima 18.0%; strip paper, 15.3%.4.GC-MS of the volatiles of different host according to the analysis of the volatiles of test plants1) They could take an important role in long distance choice ,includingα-pinene, β-pinene, caryophyllene, β- myrcene, limonene, terpeneA, α- caryophyllene, α- farensene.2) Four kinds of components could attract Acantholyda Posticalis by momomer or special ratio in the volatiles of host ,including L-α-bornyl acetate,NaphthaleneA,NaphthaleneB, decahydro-4,8,8-trimethyl-9-methylene-1,4-Methanoazulene.3) It is not the matters of attracting Acantholyda Posticalis, including 3-carene, phellandrene, thujopsene.5.EAG response to the volatiles of different host plants 1) The frequencies inducede by the volatiles of Pinus tabulaeformis, Pinus densiflora, Pinus armandi, Pinus thunbergii are 43.7 time/s, 40.9time/s, 39.4time/s and 42.9time/s, respectively ,but Platycladus orientalis 30.2 time/s, quitly different from the former.2) Host plants induced greater electricity values, such as Pinus tabulaeformis, Pinus densiflora, Pinus armandi, and at 1.040mV, 1.100mV and 0.690mV, respectively, but non-hosts, for example Cedrus deodara, Platycladus orientalis, 0.530mV and 0.419mV, respectively.3) The activity of EAG is in accord with the volatile current, the bigger the currents are, the higher the electricity values are.更多还原