【作者】 吴仁海；

【导师】 尹新明； 刘红彦；

【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 ， 农业昆虫与害虫防治， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本文调查研究了菊花瘿蚊Epiymiu sp.在我国主要药用菊花怀菊花上的为害习性与发生规律，对我国常见药(茶)菊品种进行了抗虫性鉴定，并对其抗性机制进行了初步研究。 对菊花瘿蚊的生物学研究结果表明：菊花瘿蚊以幼虫形成虫瘿危害，虫瘿多分部在菊花枝条的生长点、幼嫩叶片、叶腋及花序等部位。菊花瘿蚊每年发生5代，世代重叠，以老熟幼虫结茧在土表越冬，土下5cm深的茧基本不能正常羽化。翌年3月底至4月中旬化蛹、羽化。卵多产在顶部幼嫩部位。卵经2～4天孵化，孵化后1～3天蛀入菊花幼嫩组织，3天后没能蛀入的幼虫大部分不能成活。蛀入后15～20天左右形成虫瘿，一代须30～40天。田间以8～9月份虫瘿量最大。 抗性鉴定结果表明：菊花瘿蚊对不同的菊花品种危害不同。怀小黄菊、小亳菊、祁菊等菊花抗虫性较差，是感虫或高感品种；济菊、滁菊为中抗品种；杭菊、贡菊为抗虫品种，三种野菊均为高抗品种。 田间调查和人工接虫试验均表明：菊花瘿蚊对抗、感菊花品种间产卵趋性存在差异；剥虫瘿调查显示不同的资源品种死亡率也不相同，抗虫品种死亡率高于感虫品种，这说明对菊花瘿蚊的抗性存在排趋性和抗生性。但盆栽试验表明，除了产卵选择性和死亡率不同外，还存在其它更复杂的抗性机制。 以9个形态性状与虫瘿量进行相关和回归分析表明，菊花叶片厚度、叶片茸毛密度、茎10厘米叶片量与虫瘿量呈正相关。对菊花总酚量进行提取和分析，发现总酚量与虫瘦量呈一定的负相关性。通过水蒸气蒸馏法提取四个菊花品种资源的精油，然后回喷到感虫品种小黄菊上，证明提取物对菊花瘦蚊的产卵有一定的影响。气质联用门C州S）对四种菊花精油分析，共检测出66个组分，其中大部分为砧烯类物质。 研究制定了菊花瘦蚊的无公害防治措施。苗期可结合打顶等农业措施摘除虫瘦，注意保护和合理利用瘦蚊的寄生蜂。在8——9月份，田间菊花瘦蚊发生严重时，可利用化学手段来进行防治。在化学防治时应注意两点：一是合适的药剂：应选择具有一定内吸性、低毒、对寄生峰安全的药剂如毗虫琳、杀虫单等。二是合理的防治时间，一般应在虫瘦初现期进行防治。 菊花瘦蚊是药用菊花上的主要害虫，本项研究为进一步从分于水平上揭示抗性机制和抗性的开发利用奠定了基础，为制定菊花无公害生产技术体系提供了理论依据，对于推动菊花的规范化种植和 GAP基地建设，具有重要的意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 This paper includes three parts, the first part is the biology habit of chrysanthemum gall midge (Epiymiu sp.), the second part is the resistance of chrysanthemum to the chrysanthemum gall midge, the third part is the method to control the pest.The chrysanthemum gall midge is field insect pest feed directly on the chrysanthemum. It completes 5 generations per year. In the November, the matured larvae form the gray cocoon and stay in it over the winder in the soil. The next year, the first generation gall appears in May and the number of the gall arrives to its maximum in August and September. The eggs were laid on the tender part of chrysanthemum, which the larvae penetrate into.Fourteen varieties were used to appraise the chrysanthemum’ s resistance to chrysanthemum gall midge. Four varieties with high resistance, and four varieties with middle resistance were selected. Analysis of resistance characteristic showed that there was positive correlation between the thickness of leaves, the density of leafpubescence, the number of leaves within the 10cm long of branch and the amount of the gall, while there was negative correlation between it and the phonel content. The volatile oil of the 4 varieties, including one susceptible variety and three resistance varieties, were distilled and sprayed on the one susceptible variety. The result indicates that the laying behavior of the chrysanthemum gall midge is related to the volatile oil on the top of the chrysanthemum. The volatile oil has been analyzed by GC--MS technique and 60 kinds of compounds have been determined.Field trial showed that 10% imidacloprid WP diluted 1000 times, 90% Shachongdan SP 500 times and 48%Chlorpyrifos EC 1000 times have effective control to Epiymiu sp., especially at the early stage of gall.更多还原