【作者】 饶学明；

【导师】 刘卫群；

【作者基本信息】 河南农业大学 ， 作物栽培学与耕作学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 2001-2003年，以K326为供试品种，在河南农业大学科教园区和农业生物技术重点实验室进行盆栽、水培和大田试验。研究了腐熟和新鲜芝麻饼肥与不同氮素形态配比对烤烟根系生长发育和生理特性的影响。试验结果如下： 1．盆栽试验结果表明：腐熟饼肥有利于提高根系活力，在旺长和打顶后有利于根系向深层土壤发展，有利于根中化学成分的协调。随着饼肥施用量的增加对后期根系活力的提高作用也明显增强，T₄对增加根系生物量和根中可溶性糖含量作用最为显著，根冠比基本上以T₆较好。农艺性状的结果显示：T₄处理后烟叶地上部分的生长状况最优，其次是T₆；综合分析认为，T₄的总体表现最突出。 2．根中激素水平的试验结果表明：配用腐熟芝麻饼肥浸提液的处理根中IAA和ABA含量以及IAA/ABA和ZR/ABA明显大于不配用浸提液的处理，说明饼肥浸提液能刺激烟株促进生长的激素的合成和积累。其中，T₅和T₅’的IAA含量最大，T₁和T₁’的ABA含量最大，T₃和T₃’的ZR含量最大。在纯无机肥处理和配用浸提液的处理中，纯铵态氮（T₅、T₅’）的IAA/ABA最大，纯硝态氮（T₁、T₁’）次之；各处理ZR/ABA的大小依次为T₃’、T₃＞T₂’、T₂＞T₄’、T₄＞T₁’、T₁＞T₅’、T₅。 3．根中谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）和腐胺N-甲基转移酶（PMT）活性的水培试验结果表明：除T₃处理外，配用浸提液后的各处理GS活性都有所降低。纯铵态氮（T₅）的GS活性最大，T₁’的处理GS的活性最小。对于PMT活性来说，T₅的PMT活性最高，T₂的PMT活性次之，T₁最低；而配用浸提液后除T₅’外，其它处理均明显地刺激了PMT的活性。结合激素数据可以说明，不同形态氮素及饼肥浸 不同氮素形态配比对烤烟根系生长发育的影响 提液对烤烟体内酶活性的影响，可能是通过先诱导内源激素水平及平 衡的变化，然后调控代谢酶基因的表达，实现体内酶活性的变化。 4．伤流强度和 17种氨基酸含量的试验结果表明：移栽 75d时氨 基酸总量、与Amadori化合物合成有关的5种氨基酸总量均以T，最 多，和烟碱合成有关的氨基酸总量以T。最多，T，次之；移栽95d氨 基酸总量以T。最大，其次是T，，与Amadori化合物合成有关的5种氨 基酸之和以及和烟碱合成有关的氨基酸总量均以T；最多，T，次之。移 栽95d和移栽75d相比较，伤流强度增大氨基酸总量减小，除T。所 测氨基酸含量出现不同程度的增加外，其它处理伤流氨基酸含量基本 上呈下降趋势，且以精氨酸和组氨酸含量降低的幅度较大；但谷氨酸 含量却剧增，与烟碱合成有关的氨基酸总量也呈现大幅度的提高，而 与 Amadori化合物合成有关的 5种氨基酸总量除 T。、T材 T。有不同 程度的增加外，大部分处理都降低。更多还原

【Abstract】 Pot, field and solution culture experiments were conducted with K326 from 2001 to 2003 to study the effects of rotted or fresh sesame cake fertilizer and different nitrogen forms blending on growth and development and physiological characters for flue-cured tobacco roots in Henan Agricultural University and Key Discipline and Open Laboratory of Agricultural Biological and Engineering Technique. The results were as follows:1. The results of pot experiment showed that rotted sesame cake fertilizer was good to promote the activity of root, contributed to root expand deeply into soil at vigorous growth stage and after topping, and was good to the harmony of chemical composition in flue-cured tobacco root. With the amount of applying rotted sesame cake fertilizer increasing, the effect on enhancing the activity of root at later stage was stronger. T4 was the most prominent to increase biomass of root and soluble sugar in root, and T6 is basically the better as for ratio of root and top. The results of agronomic characters indicated that T4 was better than other treatments as for the growth condition of aerial part, Te was in the next place. Concludingly, T4 was optimum.2. The experimental results about hormone level suggested that the content of IAA, ABA, IAA/ABA and ZR/ABA of root for the treatments that blending extracts of rotted sesame cake fertilizer were higher than the treatments that not applying extracts of rotted sesame cake fertilizer, which denoted that extracts of rotted sesame cake fertilizer were able to stimulate synthesis and accumulation of hormone that promote tobacco plant growth. Also, the IAA content of T5 and T5 were the maximum, the ABA content of TI and TI’ were the maximum, the ZR content of T3 and T3 were the maximum. Among all the treatments, the IAA/ABA content of fully applying NR4+(T5, T5’) were the maximum, fully applying NO3- (T1, T1,’) were in the next place, and the value of ZR/ABA was T3, T3>T2, T2>T4, T4>T1,T1>T5, T5.3. xperimental results about the activity of glutamate synthetase (GS) and putrescine N-methyltransferase (PMT) in root by solution culture experiments showed that except for T3, the activity of GS of treatments that not blending with extracts of rotted sesame cake fertilizer was higher than treatments that blending with extracts of rotted sesame cake fertilizer. The treatment that fully applying NH4+ (T5) was the highest level and T1 was the lowest level as for the activity of GS. As regards to activity of PMT, T5 was the highest level and T2 was in the second place, and T1 was the lowest level. After applyingextracts, except for T5’ other treatments stimulate the activity of PMT greatly. Combing activity of GS and PMT with hormone data, the effect of different forms of nitrogen and extracts on enzyme activity was maybe by inducing change of hormone level and equilibrium in tobacco plant at first, and then regulated the expressing of metabolic enzyme gene and realized the change of enzyme activity.4. The experimental results about intensity of xylem sap and content of 17 amino acids (AA) denoted that as for the total amount of AA, total amount of 5 AA relevant with synthesis of Amadori composition, T7 was the maximum at 75d after transplanting. And as for total amount of AA relevant with synthesis of nicotine, T3 was the maximum and T7 was in the next place. At 95d after transplanting, as for the total amount of AA, T6 was the maximum, T; was in the next place. As for total amount of 5 AA relevant with synthesis of Amadori composition and total amount of AA relevant with synthesis of nicotine, T2 was the maximum and T7 was in the secondary place. Comparing transplanting 95d with 75d, it can be seen that xylem sap intensity increased, whereas the total amount of AA decreased, we also known that except that AA content of Te increased to different extent, the content of AA of the rest declined, the decreased amplitude for content of arginine and histine was bigger than the others. But the content of glutamic acid was increased greatly, total amount of AA更多还原