二十世纪八十年代以来美国专业硕士学位教育质量控制的研究

【作者】 钟怡；

【导师】 袁锐锷；

【作者基本信息】 华南师范大学 ， 比较教育学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 当今科技飞速发展，世界已逐步进入知识经济时代，社会迫切需要大量合格的高层次专业人才，作为研究生教育重要组成部分的专业硕士学位教育因此得到极大的发展。随着专业硕士学位教育的兴起，它的质量问题开始引起了社会的关注，但是目前国内相关的研究非常缺乏。为了使人们对专业硕士学位教育质量控制有所认识并给予高度重视，向目前正在我国崛起的专业硕士学位教育提供质量控制方面的可借鉴经验，本文以美国专业硕士学位教育的质量控制为研究对象，试图从研究中得出他们在质量控制方面的一般特点。 本文运用文献分析、案例分析、因素分析等方法对美国专业硕士学位教育的质量控制进行研究。在界定概念的基础上，本文首先对美国专业硕士学位教育的历史发展进行纵向梳理，研究表明当今美国专业硕士学位教育开始走向理性，进入注重质量的阶段。这主要是因为美国高等教育自由竞争机制的推动、美国专业硕士学位规模的不断扩大以及研究生质量观的转变，美国高等教育近年来的改革等等因素而引起的。本文通过因素分析以期从理论上对这一研究主题进行论证。然后转入案例分析，通过对美国工商行政管理和公共管理专业学位教育在质量控制方面的深入细致研究，笔者发现当代美国专业硕士学位教育从招生、培养目标到课程设置、教学方式以及评估体系等方面都采取了积极而且行之有效的措施。接下来笔者进一步对这些具体措施进行理论分析，发现这些措施是符合专业硕士学位教育的特点、符合当今高等教育理论和发展趋势的。最后笔者得出美国专业硕士学位教育质量控制的一般特点：1、明确的培养目标，严格而灵活的录取标准；2、正确处理专与博的关系，注重实际应用的课程设置；3、采用多样化的教学方式，注重能力的培养；4、以市场为基础注重社会监督的完善评价体系；5、在培养模式上重视产学结合。笔者认为这其中一些有效的措施可为我国专业硕士学位教育改革提供有益的经验。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nowadays, the world has stepped into the knowledge economy era, as an important part of graduate education, professional master degree has been greatly developed due to the rapid progress of science and technology. With the springing up of professional master degree, the quality of professional master degree has drawn the intensive attention of the society. Because of the absence of relative research in domestic academe, this paper is trying to study the common characteristic in quality control of professional master degree in the United States in order to give reference for the understanding of the professional master degree, so that researchers can pay more attention to this aspect.Via the methods of literature reviews, case study and factor and force analysis, the paper is trying to study the quality control of professional master degree in the United States. Starting from the definition of concept, the author firstly studied the history of professional master degree. The study shows that the professional master degree education in United States tends towards a rational stage in which more attention has been paid to the quality. It is mainly out of the impulse of free competition mechanism of the higher education, the enlargement of the professional master degree scale, the change of view of the quality of the graduate student and the reformation of the United States’ higher education. The paper is trying to theoretically demonstrate the subject of this research by the method of factor and force analysis. Then it turns to case study. Through studying the measures adopted by MBA education and MPA education, the author finds a great number of active and effective measures have been implemented from freshman recruiting, training object, course design, teaching method to evaluating system in the contemporary professional master degree education in U.S.A. After that it is the theoretic analyzing of those measures. The result is all of these methods comply with the characteristic, theory and tendency of professional master degreeeducation. Finally the author discourses the characteristic of professional master degree education: 1. Definite training object and strict and also agile recruiting standard. 2. Correctly dealing with the relationship between specialization and extensiveness and attaching great importance to real application in course design. 3. Adopting various education methods and pay more attention to the training of ability. 4. Perfect evaluation system. 5. To regard the combination of production and education in training mode.The author personally thinks that some of the effective methods could provide helpful reference for the development of professional master education in China.更多还原