网络银行的风险与监管研究

【作者】 谷立日；

【导师】 阙澄宇；

【作者基本信息】 东北财经大学 ， 国际贸易学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 随着20世纪九十年代以来金融全球化、金融管制自由化和金融创新的发展，金融领域的竞争日趋激烈，金融风险不断增加，金融业纷纷寻求能够提升效益、增强竞争力和化解风险的新途径。公用计算机网络（主要是指国际互联网）成为了金融业关注的焦点。1995年10月18日，全球首家网络银行——美国安全第一网络银行 (SFNB) 成立，从此一种新的银行模式诞生了，并对已经运作了三百多年的传统银行模式产生了前所未有的冲击。由于网络银行具有能够降低银行经营成本、提高银行赢利能力、无时空限制等特性使得各国都将其视为银行业未来的发展方向。网络银行作为一种实体银行的虚拟工作环境，其风险范畴要比实体银行大得多。世界各国对网络银行风险监管的研究尚处于摸索阶段，即使是网络银行发展较为成熟的欧美国家也尚未形成系统的监管理论。中国的网络银行业刚刚起步，尚无纯网络银行，维护网络银行健康发展的法规环境尚不健全，对网络银行风险的认识也不全面。今年11月10日中国加入“世界贸易组织”（WTO）之后，网络银行必将成为国内银行与外资银行竞争的新热点。因此，对网络银行的监管进行前瞻性的理论研究与分析是十分必要的。 本文共分为三大部分：第一部分主要是介绍网络银行的基本理论。鉴于目前尚未形成统一的网络银行的定义，本文在介绍各种权威定义的同时尝试着提出自己对网络银行内涵的界定，并在此基础上论述了网络银行的业务类型及不同类型服务的风险程度。网络银行流通的主要是电子货币，为了全面系统地阐明网络银行的风险和监管，本文对电子货币进行了简单的介绍。随后从理论上对网络银行与传统银行的区别进行了分析并具体阐述了网络银行的特点和优势；第二部分侧重于阐明网络银行所面临的不同于传统银行的新的风险方式，从宏观和微观两个角度阐述了金融当局和网络银行自身所面临的风险，并介绍了相关国际组织对网络银行风险的分类。以此为基础对网络银行增加监管难度的原因进行了理论分析。鉴于目前有关网络银行风险监管的理论体系尚未形成这一事实，本文主要对各国普遍采用的监管层次和现实存在的监管模式进行了介绍；第三部分侧重于对中国网络银行监管情况的研究。介绍了国外主要国家和国际组织有关网络银行监管的规定以及中国网络银行监管现状和存在的问题，在借鉴国外经验并结合中国实际情况的基础上提出了中国网络银行监管的政策建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 The trend of finance globalization, the liberalization of financial supervision and the emergence of financial innovation in the 1990’s leads to the intense competition and the high risks in the financial field. The financial industry tries to find ways to enhance competition, improve profitability and reduce risks. Public computer network (mainly Internet) becomes the focus of financial industry. The rapid development of public computer network has led to the emergence of network bank. With the establishment of the first internet-only bank of SFNB on 18th October 1995, a new pattern of provision of finance services has formed. Although network bank emerges just near ten years, it has the epoch-making influence on finance service industry with 300-years-long history. Many countries look upon network bank as the future direction of banking industry owing to its characteristics such as low cost, high profitability and without limits of time and place. Network bank runs in a virtual pattern, so it possesses the broader range of risks than traditional bank. The study of network bank is still in its beginning stage in many countries. Even in USA and some European countries, there doesn’t exist formal theories. In China commercial banks just begin to attempt to provide financial services on Internet. Internet-only bank hasn’t come into being in China. The lack of concerned law frame and the incomplete knowledge of network bank risks will hinder the further development of network bank in China. After the entry into WTO on 10th, November 2001, sooner or later network bank will become the focus of competition between domestic banks and foreign banks. So the beforehand study of network bank supervision is of vital importance.This article consists of there parts. The main contents of the first part are about the basic theories of network bank. Based on the facts that the formal definition of network bank hasn’t shaped, this article try to define network bank on the basis of introduction of existing authorized definitions. Following the definition is the patterns of financial services provided by network bank and its concerned degree of risks. Because the electronic money is the main currency on network bank, this<WP=4>article introduces the electronic money for the completeness of analysis of risk and supervision. Then analyze the distinction between network bank and traditional bank in theory. Based on the above introduction, this article identifies the characteristics and the superiority of network bank. The focus of the second part is the different way in which network bank and traditional bank experience risks. This article formulates the risks facing financial authority and network bank itself respectively and introduces the risk classifications of international organizations. Then this article analyses the reasons why the difficulty of supervision has been enlarged in network bank in theory. Based on the facts that the formal theories on the supervision of network bank risks hasn’t formed, this article lays emphasis on the introduction of existing supervision aspects and supervision models. The focus of the third part is on the survey on the supervision of network bank in China. After the introduction of supervision regulations of main countries and international organizations is the formulation of existing supervision situation in China and the problems facing Chinese network banks. Finally, this article puts forward the suggestions on how to formulate supervision policies on the basis of the lessons from other countries and the actual situation in China.更多还原