中国城市规划技术体系形成与发展研究

【作者】 王丹；

【导师】 王士君；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 人文地理学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本文在对城市规划技术体系的外围概念和相关理论加以阐述的基础上，将城市规划体系划分为法规体系、管理体系、技术体系、教育体系四个组成部分。并对城市规划体系的核心部分——城市规划技术体系的概念与理论内涵进行了界定，认为城市规划技术体系是指在城市物质空间环境形成过程中的一系列包括规划制定及其实施在内的技术保障方法和手段，它建立于战略性发展规划、开发控制规划和空间形态控制规划三个层面的基本框架之上。按照时空演进序列，本文分别对中国古代城市规划技术体系的萌芽期、雏形期、变革期等阶段的特点与发展状况进行了总结，同时指出古代城市规划思想对发展今天城市规划理论的借鉴意义；对于中国近代城市规划技术体系，本文给予详细的描述与总结，同时进行分析与评价；对于中国现代城市规划技术体系，本文从理论基础、编制层次等角度分两阶段进行总结，同时为论述当前我国城市规划技术体系的特点与问题交待背景。在此基础之上，本文对我国城市规划技术体系的结构与功能进行论述，认为我国的城市规划技术体系是建立在区域规划、总体规划、分区规划、详细规划、工程设计五个层次基础之上的。其中，区域规划与总体规划属于战略性发展规划层次，详细规划属于开发控制规划层次，城市设计属空间形态控制规划层次。本文对区域规划技术、总体规划技术、详细规划技术和城市设计技术的现状特点和现存问题进行详细的剖析、论述，认为我国区域规划技术存在的最大的问题是现行的区域规划不足以指导城市总体规划；当前总体规划技术存在的主要问题是内容庞杂、编审周期长、个性不突出、对市场研究不够、可操作性差、年限僵化、对城乡一体化的研究不足等；当前我国详细规划技术存在的主要问题是：范式化、对控制性详细规划在城市规划技术体系中的地位和作用认识模糊、缺乏竖向规划、缺乏城市形象引导方面的内容等；当前我国城市设计技术存在的主要问题是：对城市设计的认识存在误区、城市设计的水平不高、城市整体环境缺乏特色、城市空间环境整体协调不够、城市设计的编制与实施无政策保障。此外，本文从战略发展规划、开发控制规划、空间形态控制规划三个层次对美国、英国、德国、法国的城市规划技术体系加以总结和论述，并阐明其各自特点及对我国的借鉴意义，认为在完善我国城市规划理论、建立明晰的规划技术体系、引入公众参与制度等方面西方国家的经验都可为我国所借鉴。最后，本文从构建我国城市规划理论体系，引入公众参与制度，建立区域规划制度，完善总体规划。详细规划。城市设计，建立衔接紧密、结构完整的中国城市规划技术体系等七个方面，对我国未来城市规划技术体系的发展进行论述。更多还原

【Abstract】 On the basis of expatiating peripheral concepts and related theories of urban technology system, this paper divides urban planning system into four parts: law and regulation system, management system, technology system and education system. Afterwards, the paper gives a detail definition and implication for the core of urban planning system, namely technology system. The definition is: technology system of urban planning is a series of theories, methods, regulations that ensure the smooth formulation and implementation of planning during the formation of physical space and environment. Technology system is established on three levels: strategic development plan, development control plan and spatial shape and size control plan. According to its evolvement order, the paper summarizes general situations and characters of germination period, rudiment period and transformation period of Chinese ancient technology system, and puts forward the referential significance at the same time; as for Chinese neoteric technology system, this paper gives a detail description and summarization; in terms of Chinese modern technology system, this paper summarizes theoretical basis and formulation levels in two stages after the establishment of new China, and introduces the background for discussing characters and problems of Chinese technology system of urban planning in the meanwhile.In addition, the paper discourses upon the structure and functions of technology system in our country, holding the opinion that Chinese technology system of urban planning is built on five levels: regional plan, master plan, detail plan and urban design. Of them, regional planning and master plan belong to strategic development plan; detail plan belongs to development control plan; urban design belongs to spatial shape and size control plan. After a careful study on the current features and problems of technology system, this paper points out: for regional planning, the biggest problem is that regional planning isn’t effective enough to guide masterplan; for master plan, the main problems currently are concerning too much content, long formulation period, lacking characters, insufficient study on markets; not feasible enough, rigid limitation on years etc.; for detail plan, current main problems are rigidity, ambiguous knowledge on its position and function in the whole system, lacking vertical plan, inadequate study on city image etc.; for urban design, main problems at present are lacking clear knowledge on urban design, not effective enough, lacking characters in the whole environment in cities, insufficient harmony in spatial environment, lacking guarantee of laws and policies.Besides, in terms of strategic development plan, development control plan and spatial shape and size control plan, the paper summarizes general situations of technology system in USA, Britain, Germany and France as well as their characters and the main points that are useful for our own country. The referential points can be used in enriching urban planning theories, establishing clear technology system and introducing public participation etc. Finally, this paper explores the trend of Chinese technology system of urban planning in the future in the following aspects: building Chinese urban planning theory system, introducing public participation, establishing regional planning, amplifying master plan, detail plan and urban design, and establishing closely connected and integrative Chinese technology system of urban planning.更多还原