魏晋乐府诗的音乐文学特点及其文化学阐释

【作者】 李媛；

【导师】 陶新民；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 中国古代文学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 中国文学的起源、发展历来是与音乐相生相伴的。作为音乐文学的重要分支——乐府诗也是如此。魏晋时代是乐府诗发展的转折期，本文即试从音乐与文化相结合的角度对此作一整体观照。 魏晋时代乐府诗的突出特点体现在雅乐范围的扩大、清商(旧)乐的盛行和魏晋大曲的出现三个方面。魏晋雅乐是取调民间音乐(俗乐)，文人制辞的宫廷音乐。它开辟新途，囊括了东汉时期的雅、俗乐。清商乐脱胎于相和三调，它以其特有的清越哀伤受到了当权者的喜爱和提倡。而其乐歌的性质正是它区别于以徒歌形式行世的相和歌的根本特征。魏晋大曲是器乐、声乐、舞乐三者联合表演的综合体，是清商曲高度发达的产物。魏晋大曲的音乐素材源自相和歌，曲调来自清商三调中的瑟调。 娱乐(人)化和文人化是魏晋乐府诗体现在文化上的特色。追根溯源，从音乐开始之初，音乐就有两类娱乐功能：娱神和娱人。笔者认为，两汉时代乐府诗的主体是雅乐作品，这是娱神功能在后代的体现；魏晋乐府诗从表演体制上来分析，有明显的世俗享乐主义特点，说明了这一时期乐府诗的功能指向是娱人。乐府文人化态势下的乐府诗，形式趋于齐整，内容成为了士人们立言写志的载体，开始出现了不和乐的乐府诗——拟乐府。这是文学剥离音乐，独立发展的显著表现之一。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chinese literature always develops with music, so does Yuefu Poem. WeiJin Dynasty is a milestone in the development of Yuefu Poem. I have had a research on Yuefu Poem by combining music with culture in this thesis.The features of Yuefu Poem in WeiJin Dynasty represent the enlargement of the Sacred Music, the prevalent of the Old Qingshang Music and the emergence of WeiJin Daqu. WeiJin Sacred Music comes from folk music and is made by literati. It consists of ancient and folk music. Qingshang Music comes from Xianghe descant and is advocated by the dominators because of its melodiousness and grief. The essential difference between Qingshang Music and XiangheGe is whether it is accompanied with music. The former is combined lyric with music, but the latter is intoned. WeiJin Daqu, the syntheses of instrumental music, vocality, and dance, is the mature production of Qingshang Music. The music materials of WeiJin Daqu derive from XiangheGe and its melody derives from Se-descant.Amusement and literary are two features of WeiJin Yuefu Poem in the cultural aspect. From the origin of music, music has possessed two recreational functions: amusing jinni and amusing human. The main body of Yuefu Poem is the Sacred Music in Han Dynasty, which incarnates the function of amusing jinni. Performing system of Weijin Yuefu Poem characterized obvious epicurean. It indicates that its function has pointed to amusing human during this period. Yuefu Poem of literati has possessed the regular forms. Its content has become the carrier that expresses ideals. Furthermore, NiYuefu Poem, one of the branches of Yuefu Poem, has separated from music, which represented that literature has developed independently away from music.更多还原