【作者】 雷震；

【导师】 王钊；

【作者基本信息】 西南农业大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 人力资本已成为一国经济社会发展的重要推动力。随着知识经济、信息经济的到来，人力资本对社会经济发展的贡献已不容低估，世界上有许多鲜活的例子，如德国、日本、以色列等国自然资源保有量极低，却挤身世界经济强国。人力资本的重要性被美国经济学家舒尔茨系统地分析过，同时他开创性地提出人力资本可以通过投资来获得，人力资本的投资研究也因此而受到广泛重视，但笔者认为人力资本研究需要从运用的理论及方法论上进行革新，方能切中理论要核，本文运用不对称信息理论进行研究，创造性地提出诸多模型，并进行实证研究，同时结合中国国情进行规范研究。 第一章首先对理论基础及方法论进行介绍，指出本文创新点首先是在研究理论及方法的创新。本文的理论基础首先是人力资本理论，主要基于人力资本的概念的提出和可以通过投资来提高的思想。人力资本可以通过投资于健康、教育等来形成，其中投资于教育的可塑性最大，且在经济发展到一定阶段(人类生存的物质基础得到保障)后，人力资本的高低很大程度上取决于教育投资这一变量的大小。故本文由于篇幅等限制将忽略掉其他投资仅研究教育投资。另外，在教育投资理里面，高等教育在教育体系中具有重要地位，同时正如舒尔茨所言“高等教育问题的复杂性远远超出经济学计算所能胜任的范围”，本文重点针对高等教育的投资进行研究。笔者认为舒尔茨所谈到的“高等教育的复杂性”无人能否定，但是一个不争的实事是高等教育投资蕴含了大量的不对称信息，人力资本本身的复杂性和不确定性以及投资的风险和不确定性决定了人力资本投资更大的不确定性，而舒尔茨在60年代时不可能按近20年才发展较成熟的博弈论和信息经济学中的委托代理理论来分析这一问题，这也正是其不能穷尽该理论的一个重要原因，另外舒尔茨对人力资本如何投资研究较少。笔者未见把人力资本投资系统地纳入不对称信息框架分析的文献，同时笔者认为忽略不对称信息的存在将难以接近理论的要核，这正是本文决定采用不对称信息理论进行分析的原因。西方发达国家的人力资本投资模式发展较成熟，效率也较高。但笔者认为各国的人力资本投资模式如按公平和效率兼顾的原则来评价远未接近最优，这也是本文进行实证的理论探索的动机之一。另外小国作为人口最多的发展中国家，科学的人力资本投资模式将使人均资源相对稀缺的中国获得真正的核心竞争力，为经济社会发展注入强劲动力并实现可持续发展，服务于我国的经济社会发展是本文写作的又一动机。 第二章分析了人力资本及具投资的界定及国内外现状。人力资本是指体现在劳动力身上的以其数量和质显形式来表现的资本。本文在传统理论认为人力资本具有所有权私人性、价值变化性的基础上提出其还具有存量与增量结合的特性，以及人力资本投资在具有风险性、内容的广泛性基础上提出其还具有外在投资与内在投资相结合属性。国内高等教育投资问题突出，表现在计划色彩浓厚，教育以政府投资为主导且投资量严重不足：教育资源短缺严重：高等教育滞后于经济发展等问题．国外高等教育投资可归纳为日本模式、西欧模式和北美模式，并对其进行分析。 第三章在分析人力资本投资现状的基础上，笔者首先构建一个传统的人力资本投资模型，并对该模型的各个微观主体间的关系进行概述。指出人力资本投资是政府和家长为主的二元投资模式，并在此框架内分析了高等教育是否具有公共物品的重要属性，并指出高等教育的外溢特性的存在。其次，按博奕论和委托代理理论的思想分析了传统体制的体制缺陷。模型中的微观主体由于不对称信息的存在缺乏激励和约束机制致使效率低下；政府及家庭投资的传统模式影响效率和公平；传统投资模式导致代际间的低效率；劳动市场配置受不对称信息影响效率低下。最后，针对我国人力资本投资模式提出变革的现实意义。公平和效率兼顾关系到中国的前途和命运；人力资本本身在经济增长中的巨大作用决定了变革的重要意义：中国的国情需要高度重视人力资本的投资；经济增长为变革提供了必要的保障；加入WTO客观上需要人力资本投资模式的变革；西部大开发与中国人力资本投资模式变革应该相应成辉。 第四章笔者首先在不对称信息理论的框架内构建了一个复杂的创新人力资本投资系统模型并进行模型的概述。模型引入了商业银行（早期可以是教育发展银行），建立起与我国市场经济体制协调一致的人力资本投资体制。再通过政府有意识地调整在人力资本投资体系中的投资策略，最大限度地促进了公平和效率。政府不在象传统模型中那样低效率投资，笔者提出应有针对性地对学校进行“公立投资”、“外溢投资”和“政策投资”．同时对人才个体进行“基础平台投资”和“填平投资”，并对市场不能高效配置的特殊人才和特殊专业通过建立人才“人才基因库”的办法进行投资，在人才终端进行调节，以保证每个适龄人口都有接受教育的可能。家庭不再直接对孩于投资而转向根据自己的富裕程度对银行投资，教育机构不再是既无约束又无激励，而是受到利益驱动的商业银行的监督，按市场规则进行优胜劣汰。更多还原

【Abstract】 The human capital has become one of the most important impetuses to the economic and social development of one country. The contribute of the human capital to the development of one country is becoming increasing as the coming of the knowledge economy and information economy. There are many good examples, such as Germany, Japan and Israel. They all have great power in economy in the world with exiguous resource The Economist of Theodore W Schultz has analyzed the importance of the human capital. He put forward initiatorily that the human capital could be obtained through investment. The research about the investment mode of the human capital is becoming into recognition. The author thinks the research in human capital should begin with the reform of the theory and methodology. This article analyzes the problem using the theory of asymmetry information, puts forward lots of modes and carry out the demonstration research with the criterion research under the actuality of China.The first chapter introduces the basis of theory and methodology, and especially refers to the innovation to these theories. The first basis of theory is the theory of human capital, based on the conception of human capital and investment. The human capital can be acquired through investing in health and education, especially the plasticity of investing the education is large, the high or low in The human capital is decided by the investment of education. So this article will put emphasis on the research of education. Furthermore, in the investment of education, the high education is very important. As what he has said, "the problem of high education is beyond the capability which economics can handle", this article will put emphasis on the investment of high education The author believes nobody can deny what he has said, but there is a truth that the investment of high education contained large numbers of asymmetry information, And he cannot analyze the uncertainty of investment in human capital using the theory of asymmetry information which developed within the last 20 years. Furthermore, he rarely refers to the problem how to invest the human capital. Till now, we have no article that brings the theory of asymmetry information into the system of the investment. We cannot reach the core of the theory if neglecting the exists of asymmetry information. The mode of investing in western developed country is advanced, but cannot reach the optimization if valued by the principle of equity and efficiency. This is also one of the motivations of my study. In addition, China is a developing country, which has the largest number of people; the scientific mode of investment in human capital will become one of the real core competition ability to china. This is another motivation.The second chapter will put emphasis on the definition of human capital, it’s investment and the actuality in inside and outside of china. This article will create the new characteristic of human capital, which is combination of deposit and increment, and the investment in human capital, which is combination of exterior and inherent investment. The national high education problem is standing out, for example the color of plan is dense, the quantity of investment is lack, the resource of education is scarce and the development of high education is lag behind thedevelopment of economy. The main mode of investment can be reduced to Japan mode, Western Europe mode and North American mode. This article will analyze these three modes separatelyIn the third chapter the author constructs a traditional mode of investment in human capital, based on the analysis in actuality and summarize the each microcosmic inter-subjective connection. We will point out that it is the mode which is invested mainly by government and householders and possesses the characteristic of extemalism. Also this article will analyze if the high education possesses the characteristic of public goods. Secondly, this article will analyze the system bug under traditional system using the theory of the更多还原