节点文献

上市公司可转换债券研究

【作者】 付强

【导师】 缪明杨;

【作者基本信息】 西南财经大学 , 金融学, 2003, 硕士

【摘要】 金融市场的基本经济功能是把资金从赢余者手中引导到赤字者手中,从而金融市场为整个经济增加生产和提高效率提供了可能。可转换债券的出现也正是为了更好的发挥金融市场的功能,以便更快、更有效率地实现资金从赢余者向赤字者的转移。因为在市场经济条件下,金融市场要正常发挥功能,金融工具的多样化必不可少。金融工具的多样化能够满足不同投资者的偏好,有助于投资者的风险和收益的搭配,从而更有利于吸引投资者到市场上来。本论文研究的主要目的在于:第一部分分析可转换债券的定义、起源、特征与条款。作为新的金融工具创新,可转换债券具有不同于股票、债券的特点,它不仅满足了发行人的要求,也能满足特定投资者的需求,或者说可转换债券是嫁接了股票与债券二者之优点的新的融资工具与投资工具,具有较好的吸引力。具体而言,第一部分首先分析了可转换债券的定义,认为可转换债券的公认定义是,可转换债券是一种公司债券,持有人有权在规定的期限内将其转换为一定数量发行公司的普通股票,因此,可转换债券具有三重属性:①可转换债券具有债权性,②可转换债券具有期权性,③可转换债券具有准权益性,或者说准所有权性的混合金融工具;接着分析了可转换债券在西方的起源与发展;然后以深万科为例具体对可转换债券的条款进行了分析与解释。并对我国可转换债券与国外可转换债券的区别进行了探讨,即可转换债券在我国是一个新品种,投资者并不非常熟悉,为了吸引投资者,对发行公司发行的可转换债券进行担保与信用评级是必要的。可转换债券作为一种新的金融工具,“新”在其价格上。对于公司债券与股票这一类金融资产而言,其价格主要取决于未来的收益,或者说投资者之所以愿意在当前为它们支付价格,不仅仅取决于今天的条件,即当前的收益或好处,而且还取决于对今后条件的某些预期,而这种预期的变化,都会对它们的价格产生影响。可转换债券是在股票与债券基础上的衍生证券,它的价格决定更为复杂且难以具体确定,之所以如此,都缘于其特定的条款规定上,比如在有效期内可以<WP=3>赎回、可以回售、可以提前实现转换等具有多重的期权特征,本来期权定价就较为困难,而可转换债券又包含多重期权,事实证明给可转换债券精确定价几乎是不可能的事。第二章分析了可转换债券定价在我国所存在的问题,即从我国上市公司发行可转换债券的公告来看,一般都使用欧洲期权定价公式,这是由1973年Fischer Black和Myron Scholes在其《期权和公司负债定价》的著名论文中所建立起的欧式期权定价解析表达式,即Black-Scholes模型而成。由于可转债中蕴涵的美式期权性质,而且是多重期权性质,就不能直接套用Black-Scholesd的定价公式来对可转换债券定价。正是因为这些原因,1979年,Cox,Ross和Rubinstein发表了《期权定价:一种简化方法》的论文,提出算法的基础,解决了美式期权的定价问题,对期权定价理论和期权产品的发展具有重要意义。笔者在第二章分析了二叉树模型极其对可转债的理论定价。然后以机场转债为例对我国可转债的具体定价进行了实证研究并得出了自己的结论。可转换债券在我国是一个舶来品,因此笔者也对可转换债券在我国证券市场的发展进行了简要的分析。又对我国上市公司发行的可转换债券所存在的问题进行了探讨。一方面认为我国上市公司发行可转换债券具有极端的重要性,特别是因为随着我国投资者的逐步理性与成熟,逐步对上市公司再融资手段中的配股与增发说不时,上市公司的融资渠道变得更为狭小,而这些都使得上市公司再发展受到限制,从而拓展上市公司再融资渠道就变得极为重要,在此就具体分析了我国上市公司发行可转换债券具有以下一些好处,①作为一种低成本融资,可以减轻公司的财务负担;②也可以利用溢价,以高价进行股权融资;③上市公司发行可转换债券也可以协调股东与债权人的利益,改善公司治理结构;④发行可转换债券也可以适应结构调整的需要,动态优化资本结构;⑤与资产结构相匹配,可以稀释资产的经营风险。另一方面认为在市场经济条件下,可转换债券不是免费的午餐,对发行人而言,发行可转换债券并非没有成本,在这一章中,也具体分析了上市公司发行可转换债券所必须承担的成本,这种成本不仅包括显性的成本,即票面利率、发行费用与其他费用;而且也包括隐性成本,<WP=4>即可转换债券的发行对股价具有向下拉的可能,投资者对发行可转换债券的公司信心不足等。不仅如此,由于可转换债券是在未来转换,伴随着股价的上扬(否则投资者不会转换),这样就会把一部分本应由原有股东享有的收益转移给转债的投资者,这部分成本可以视做原有股东承担的机会损失(或机会成本)。这种成本无法预测,视公司而定,并且是与可转债的条款设计,尤其是发行定价、发行时机紧密相关的。从成本引出了风险,接着分析了我国上市公司发行可转换债券所面临的风险。这些风险主要是不转换风险与利率波动风险。为了消除这些风险,上市公司就应该提高经营业绩,合理设计赎回条款与债券要素等。在第五部分里化了大量的篇幅分析了我国上市公司发行可转换债券所存在的问题,主要是由我国的国情决?

【Abstract】 The basic economic function of the financial market is to guide the fund from the profit person to the deficit person, which raises the efficiency and makes contribution to the whole economy. The appearance of the convertible bond is just to better the function of financial market, so that realize the transformation from the profit person to the deficit person more quickly and more efficiently. For under the market economy condition, if the financial market functions normally, the diversity of financial instruments is essential. The diversity of financial instruments can satisfy the partiality of different investors , contribute to the matching of investors’ risk and income, thus help to attract investors to the market The main purpose of this thesis lies in : Analyse and understand thoroughly the definition, characteristics and clause of the convertible bond. As a new innovating financial instrument, the convertible bond has the characteristics that are different from the stock and bond. It meets not only the publisher’s request but also specific investor’s demands. This is the content of the first part. Specifically speaking, at first it analyses the origin and development in western countries according to the logic of history; then analyses definition of convertible bond, The generally acknowledged definition of the convertible bond is that it is a bond of a kind of company, and the holder has the right to change it into ordinary stocks within fixed time limit So the convertible bond has double attributes : ①The convertible bond has the nature of creditor’s rights ②The convertible bond has option nature. Then the thesis takes Shen Wanke as an example and explains the clause, then carries on the discussion to the difference between convertible bond of our country and convertible bond of foreign countries. Namely the convertible bond is a new variety in our country, which is foreign to investors. In order to attract investors, it is essential to guarantee and credit the convertible bond. Because the convertible bond is from abroad, so the development of convertible bond in the security market of our country is analysed briefly in this thesis.The convertible bond is" new " in terms of its price as a kind of new financial instrument. As to company’s bond and stock this kind of financial assets, its price mainly depends on the income in the future. In other words, investors would like to pay prices for them at present, not only because of the condition of today, namely present income or advantage, but also because of some expectancy of the condition in the future.And such anticipated change will all exert an influence on their price. The convertible bond is a derivative securities on the basis of stock and bond. The determination of its price is complicated and difficult because <WP=7>of its specific clause stipulation. For example it can be resold can be redeemed within term of validity , and possess the characteristics of multiple option ahead of time etc. Actually it was comparatively difficult to price option ,so it is almost impossible to fix the price accurately for the convertible bond which includes the multiple option. Chapter two analyses the problems that fixes the convertible bond price in our country. Many listed companies generally use European option price at the formula, namely Black-Scholes model. Because of the multiple option nature and the American option nature contained in the transferable bond, Black-Scholes model can’t be applied mechanically to fix the price of the convertible bond . Just because of these reasons, Cox, Ross and Rubinstein put forward the foundation of the algorithm, solving the pricing problem of the American option,which is significant to the development of the pricing theory of the option and option products. Chapter two has analyses binomial tree models fixing the price extremely to the theory of the transferable bond. Then carries on the positive research to our country. This is main content of chapter two.Chapter three goes on the discussion about the ex

【关键词】 可转换债券二叉树期权定价
【Key words】 convertible bondmodelsbinomial tree modeloption pricing
  • 【分类号】F832.5
  • 【被引频次】6
  • 【下载频次】521
节点文献中: 

本文链接的文献网络图示:

本文的引文网络