高吸水性树脂对土壤的水肥性质及土壤结构的影响研究

【作者】 孙福强；

【导师】 崔英德；

【作者基本信息】 广东工业大学 ， 应用化学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 高吸水性树脂是近几十年发展起来的一种新型功能高分子材料，它具有吸水、保水能力强的特点。到目前为止，高吸水性树脂在工业、农业(特别是节水农业)、建筑、医疗卫生等方面都有比较广泛的应用。 该研究探讨了不同用量的聚丙烯酸钠土壤保水剂对南方山坡土、南方花土、南方菜田土、粘土和广州赤红壤的抑制土壤水分蒸发作用及对它们的持水能力的影响，并研究了保水剂对广州赤红壤的土壤有效水含量的影响以及温度对高吸水性树脂保水能力的影响。结果发现，保水剂的使用，可以起到抑制土壤表面水分蒸发及提高土壤持水能力的作用，还可以增加土壤的有效水含量。但保水剂的长期作用效果受温度的影响比较大。 保水剂的使用，对土壤的一些重要的物理性质影响也是比较大的，该文研究了保水剂对不同类型土壤创建水稳性团粒体的影响；对土壤的体积膨胀率的影响；对土壤的坚实度的影响；对土壤的渗透系数以及土壤容重的影响。研究结果表明，保水剂的使用，可以大大提高土壤中在农学上有重要价值的粒径大于0.25mm的大水稳性团粒体的含量，同时可以提高土壤的体积膨胀率及土壤的渗透系数，降低土壤的容重。适量的保水剂可以适当地提高土壤的坚实度，但保水剂的用量过高时则会造成土壤板结。保水剂对土壤的这些物理性质的改良，可以有效地增加土壤的含水量，改善土壤的通透性，有利于土壤的水、气、热、肥等的交换，因此也就有利于作物的生长；并可以减少地表径流，从而可以有效地控制水土流失。 该文还利用化学分析的方法研究了保水剂对土壤中的氮、磷、钾养分的影响，以确定该种保水剂是否具有保肥作用。研究结果表明，聚丙烯酸钠土壤保水剂本身对氮、磷、钾养分都有较强的吸附和解吸能力，当施入土壤后，这种能力则显著下降。但与土壤本身对这三种养分的作用相比，保水剂的使用，增强了土壤对氮和钾两种养分的吸附、固定及解吸能力，从而起到了保肥和延缓肥效的作用。保水剂的使用，虽然对土壤吸附磷的影响并不大，但在提高土壤对磷的解吸能力的同时，减弱了土壤对磷的固定作用，从而使磷的有效性得到了提高，这也就从另一个侧面起到了提高肥效的作用。综合来看，聚丙烯酸钠高吸水性树脂作为土 广东工业大学工学硕士学位论文壤保水剂对土壤养分的影响还是比较有利的，但某些方面的性能还有待于进一步地改善。更多还原

【Abstract】 Superabsorbent was a new functional macromolecule material developed at recently several years, and it had very strong abilities to absorb and retain water. So far, Superabsorbent was widely applied in industry, in agriculture, in architecture, in medical treatment and hygiene and other realm.It was researched that different dosage sodium polyacrylate effected on retraining water vaporization and retaining water capacity of southern hillside soil, southern flower soil, southern vegetable field soil, clay soil and Guangzhou lateritic red soil. It was also researched that water-holding agent influenced on the available soil water contents of Guangzhou lateritic red soil and temperature influenced on retaining water capacity of water-holding agent. Result indicating, use of water-holding agent could retrain water vaporization of soil and improve retain water capacity of soil, but it was affected greatly by temperature. Use of water-holding agent greatly increased the available soil water contents of Guangzhou lateritic red soil, too.Superabsorbent could greatly affect some important physical properties of soil. It was researched that water-holding agent affected water-stable aggregates of different soil, volume rate of expansion, massiness coefficient, penetrative coefficient and volume weight of Guangzhou lateritic red soil. It was proved that use of water-holding agent could largely increase the sum content of water-stable aggregates (>0.25mm), and could improve volume rate of expansion and penetrative coefficient, and could decrease volume weight of soil. Suitable dosage of water-holding agent could properly elevate massiness coefficient of soil, but excessive dosage could cause harden of soil. Use of water-holding agent could availably increase water content of soil and mend hole status. Accordingly, be beneficial to soil to exchange water, air, heat and fertilizer. Thus was beneficial to growth of plants and could decrease water and soil forfeit.The present paper studies influence of Superabsorbent on nitrogen, phosphor and potassium in soil, in order to confirm if water-holding agent could keep fertility- It was testified self of water-holding agent had good ability to absorb and release nitrogen,phosphor and potassium, but when it was used in soil, this function badly debase. But compared to self of soil, use of water-holding agent enhance the ability of soil to absorb, fix and release nitrogen and potassium, that is to say, water-holding agent can keep and delay fertility. Use of water-holding agent increased the ability to soil to release phosphor, and decreased the ability to soil to fix phosphor. Therefore, validity of phosphor got improvement, thus validity of fertility was enhanced from another point of view. Summarized, sodium polyacrylate was used as water-holding agent of soil that is beneficial to fertility of soil, but its performances have yet required improvement.更多还原