鞋楦仿形数控编程技术的研究及系统开发

【作者】 单新朝；

【导师】 童水光； 金涛；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 化工过程机械， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 随着CAD／CAM技术在鞋楦制造业中的广泛应用，鞋楦的生产方式得到了极大的改变，鞋楦生产周期大大缩短，生产效率也有了很大提高。鞋楦数字化仿形加工作为一种有效的生产方式，克服了传统制楦方式的不足，同时也保留了靠模加工的优势，成为当前制楦业提高鞋楦生产效率的良好选择。由于鞋楦曲面的复杂性和鞋楦数控加工的特殊性，难以利用通用CAD／CAM软件实现鞋楦模型的仿形数控编程，使得基于测量点数据的鞋楦仿形数控编程方法成为鞋楦数字化仿形加工技术发展的瓶颈。因此，如何针对鞋楦测量数据进行数控编程技术研究，并设计开发相应的鞋楦CAM系统对于扩大鞋楦数字化仿形加工的应用、提高鞋楦的生产率和增强制楦企业的市场竞争力具有非常重要的意义。 本论文结合了浙江省2002年重大科技攻关项目“鞋楦CAD／CAM系统开发其数控刻楦机研制”，深入研究了基于测量点数据的鞋楦仿形数控编程技术，其主要研究内容如下： ☆ 根据鞋楦数控编程以及NC仿真的需要，引入了鞋楦数控加工模型的概念，并进行模型构建，为本论文的研究提供了研究对象。 ☆ 针对鞋楦模型的复杂性，提出了鞋楦模型的离散表达方法，简单而有效的解决了鞋楦模型的数学表达问题。 ☆ 介绍了鞋楦模型的测量点数据获取、数据处理和离散模型重建方法；同时根据工艺需要，引入楦头、楦尾凸台模型，提出了其定义方法及凸台和鞋楦楦体模型的融合方法。为了对鞋楦模型进行精度评价，提出了评价方法及其误差控制策略。 ☆ 根据鞋楦数控加工原理，提出了基于投影原理的刀位轨迹计算方法——“最近接触点法”。该方法不仅计算简单，效率高而且无需干涉检验。然后针对鞋楦NC程序后置处理的特殊性，提出了刀位点的坐标转换算法，解决了鞋楦NC程序的后处理问题。 ☆ 为检验鞋楦NC程序的正确性，提出了应用虚拟切削法进行NC仿真验证，避免了时间、材料的浪费，降低了成本。 ☆ 分析了鞋楦CAM系统的开发需求，提出了鞋楦CAM系统的总体设计思想，最终在前面理论研究的基础上成功开发了面向鞋楦数控加工模型的鞋楦CAM系统。 本文关于鞋楦数控仿形编程技术的研究，虽然是针对鞋楦测量数据，但是对于鞋楦CAD模型的数控编程同样有效。鞋楦CAM系统的开发解决了基于测量点数据和CAD模型的鞋楦数控编程问题，对鞋楦数字化仿形加工的广泛应用具有重要的意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of CAD/CAM technology, great change takes place in shoe-last making industry. It can greatly improve the process of shoe last making, shorten the production life cycle of shoe last and make the process more efficient. As an efficient machining process, NC copying machining has become a good choice to improve the efficiency of shoe last production. Its principle is very similar to the traditional shoe last machining. This new machining method takes advantage of the old, but avoids the disadvantage. However, for the complexity of shoe last surface and particularity of shoe last NC machining, it is difficult to generate NC program for shoe last by using general CAD/CAM software. Under such circumstance, NC programming method of shoe last based on measuring data points becomes a choke point of the development of shoe last NC copying machining. Therefore, how to produce NC program based on shoe last measuring data points and how to develop shoe last CAM program must be studied. It makes great sense in enlarging the application area of NC copying machining, improving the efficiency of shoe last production and enhancing the market competitive ability of shoe last making companies.Based on the project funded by Zhejiang Province Technology Foundation in 2002-"Development of Shoe Last CAD/CAM System and NC Machine Tool", this thesis makes a deep research in developing NC programs from the shoe last measuring data points. The main content of the thesis is presented as follows:According to the requirement of shoe last NC programming and machining simulation, Shoe Last NC Machining Model (SLNCMM) is introduced and created as an object of the research. For the complexity of shoe last surface, Discrete Modeling method for shoe last is presented. Thus the problem of how to describe shoe last surface is solved simply and effectively. Briefly introduces the method of measuring data points acquisition, processing and model reconstruction; according to machining process requirements, shoe last head and tail models are introduced; and the uniting method is also presented; in order to evaluate the reconstructed shoe last model, the precision evaluation method and measures of error controlling is introduced. On the basis of shoe last NC machining principle and projection method, a new tool-path generation algorithm-"the Nearest Contacting Point Method (NCPM)" is presented; this method is simple, high efficiency and exempt from collision checking; a coordinate conversion algorithm of cutter points is also introduced in order to convert cutter location source file to NC program. In order to verify the shoe last NC program, explores how to conduct virtual machining process with VERICUT tool; the NC program verification process reduces the time and material cost.is<> Analyzes the requirements of Shoe Last CAM system development and then put forwards the system architecture; on the basis of the previous research experience, a Shoe Last CAM system with Shoe Last NC Machining Model (SLNCMM) oriented is developed successfully.Although the research of shoe last NC programming method in this thesis is aimed to shoe last measuring data points, it can also be applied to shoe last solid model. In sum, the development of Shoe Last CAM system can not only solve the problem of NC programming of shoe last based on both measuring data points and solid model, but also enlarge the application area of shoe last NC coping machining.更多还原