大庆油田金属储罐外防腐涂层结构的优化研究

【作者】 李旭东；

【导师】 黄志明；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 化学工程， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 随着油田开发的不断深入，金属储罐运行时间的延长，金属储罐腐蚀、老化等问题日益突出。建立并完善大庆油田储罐外防腐涂层性能的评价方法，有针对性地筛选、改性或开发性能优良、价格适宜的防腐材料，优化防腐结构，对于延长储罐的使用寿命，延长维修周期具有重要的意义。 本文以金属处于表面薄层电解质下的腐蚀过程为基础，提出大气对金属外表面腐蚀的机理。在对大庆油田大气环境条件进行调查之后，根据大庆气候特点，分析大庆油田大气腐蚀的影响因素，建立并完善大庆油田储罐外防腐涂层性能的评价方法，为新型储罐外防腐复合涂层结构的开发和优化提供理论依据和方法。依据大庆油田大气腐蚀性分析结果和外防腐技术现状，结合外防腐涂层的作用机理及其防腐效果的影响因素，提出对容器与储罐外防腐涂层的技术、经济要求，设计符合大庆油田大气腐蚀条件的新型储罐外防腐复合涂层的厚度、结构和材料。在试验过程中将设计的6类新型储罐外防腐涂层制成测试样片，参照国家标准对样片进行各涂层对腐蚀介质稳定性、耐候性、耐化学性和介电性等的测试，并根据各项性能对整个防腐性能影响的大小，确定其权重，最终对各涂层的防腐蚀性能进行评价，从而评价各种涂层结构性能的相对优劣，从中筛选出综合性能好的涂层，供实际应用时选用。采用性能较好的外防腐涂层在采油三厂的清水罐、转油罐等户外储罐应用，并进行现场跟踪检测，研究涂层附着力、介电性和粉化率等随时间的变化，最终对各涂层的防腐蚀性能进行评价，从而评价各种涂层结构性能的相对优劣，与试验评价出的涂层结构防腐性能情况相对比，检验试验结果的准确性。分析实验室测试情况和现场检测结果进行比较，检验实验室测试方法，进一步完善大庆油田金属储罐外防腐涂层防腐性能的评价方法，并将应用此评价方法进行储罐外防腐涂层寿命的预测工作。 对优选出的能满足要求的5种新型储罐外防腐涂层结构在大庆油田的推广应用情况进行总结，从技术和经济两方面进行分析，并预测其应用前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of oil field exploitation and the prolongation of running time of metal conservation pots, the corrosion and aging of metal conservation pots become more serious. It is important to set up and perfect the evaluation method for properties of surface anticorrosive coating, to select and develop an anticorrosive material with excellent properties and lower cost, and to optimize the anticorrosive construction for conservation pots in DaQing oil field.In this paper, the corrosion mechanism of metal surface caused by air was proposed based on the principle of corrosion process of metal enclosed by the thin surface electrode. After conducting the survey of air environment in DaQing oil field, and according to the climate features in DaQing, the factors which affect the air corrosion in DaQing were analysized, the evaluation method for the function of surface anticorrosive coating was set up, providing a theory instruction and method for developing and optimizing the construction of composite anticorrosive coating for conservation pots. On the basis of analysis results of air corrosion in DaQing oil field and the present state of surface anticorrosion, incorporating with the function mechanism of surface anticorrosive coating and the factor which affects the anticorrosion property, the technological and economical standard that the container and the coating must conform to were proposed, and the thickness, construction and material for surface anticorrosive composite coating were designed. Six new type of surface anticorrosive coatings were applied to the conservation pots, their stability to medium, climate-resistance, chemistry-resistance and electric conduction were determined according to the national standards. The priority of each factor was determined and the anticorrosion properties of each coating were estimated finally. The coating with superior properties was applied in clean water pots, transfer oil tanks, etc, of No.3 oil extraction field and tested the properties on spot. The change of the attachment force of coating, electric conductivity and ratio of powder with time were investigated. The comprehensive anticorrosion properties and the property superiority of each coating were determined finally. The spot determined anticorrosive properties of each coating were also compared with that determined in the laboratory, to inspect the accuracy of the experiment results.The popularization and application conditions of the five optimized anticorrosion coatings used in metal conservation pots in DaQing were summarized, and the application prospect was predicted from the points of technological and economical views.更多还原