【作者】 孙永军；

【导师】 庞金钊；

【作者基本信息】 天津科技大学 ， 化学工艺， 2001， 硕士

【摘要】 膜生物反应器是将分离工程中的膜技术应用于好氧活性污泥处理系统的新型废水处理装置。它由膜组件取代传统生化处理技术中的二次沉淀池和砂滤池，用膜分离技术代替传统方法中的重力式沉淀泥水分离技术方式，具有简洁、高效等优点。本论文采用优势菌-膜生物反应器工艺对天津某一洗车点洗车废水进行处理，并将处理出水回用于洗车。 本论文工作共分两部分。前一部分为优势菌的制备；后一部分考察了优势菌-膜生物反应器工艺处理洗车废水的可行性及处理效果，并在相同运行条件下，比较了优势菌-膜生物反应器工艺和普通活性污泥-膜生物反应器工艺对同种洗车废水的处理效果。 优势菌的制备工作从菌种的采集开始。我们分别从天津市第一炼油厂、天津轻工业学院南院学生浴池、天津清华德人环境工程有限公司普通活性污泥-膜生物反应器采集泥样，经过分离、筛选共获得油类物质降解菌9株、阴离子洗涤剂（LAS）降解菌11株、洗车废水降解菌32株。 将筛选菌株扩大培养后投入活性炭-膜生物反应器中，利用活性炭的强吸附作用对优势菌进行吸附固定，形成粒径0.5-3mm优势菌-活性炭颗粒污泥，构成优势菌-活性炭-膜生物反应器，简称优势菌-膜生物反应器。 本论文后一部分考察了优势菌-膜生物反应器膜通量与曝气量、静压力、污泥浓度及试验运行时间的关系；还考察了不同曝气量、污泥浓度、水力停留时间，优势菌-膜生物反应器对COD、NH₃-N、TP、LAS、油、色度、气味的去除效果；最后，比较了相同运行条件下优势菌-膜生物反应器工艺和普通活性污泥-膜生物反应器工艺对同一洗车废水中各污染物质的去除效果。 试验运行结果表明：在试验各因素考察范围内，优势菌-膜生物反应器出水COD、NH₃-N、TP、LAS、油含量分别在50mg／L、1.0mg／L、0.5mg／L、0.8mg／L、0.5mg／L以下；各指标平均去除率分别为60％、95％、80％、90％、92％以上；出水五色、无味。优势菌-膜生物反应器中无代谢产物积累现象；优势菌对洗车废水中污染物质降解彻底、快速。 两处理工艺对比结果表明：优势菌-膜生物反应器对各污染指标的去除效果均优于普通活性污泥-膜生物反应器，特别是对NH₃-N、LAS、油、色度、气味的去除效果优势更加明显；与普通活性污泥-膜生物反应器工艺相比，优势菌-膜生物反应器工艺具有更大的去除能力、运行更稳定、更耐冲击负荷。但是，优势菌-膜生物反应器膜污染较严重，随着试验运行天数的增加，该反应器膜通量下降较普通活性污泥-膜生物反应器明显。这表明混合液中大量游离菌的存在较易引起优势菌-膜生物反应器的膜污染问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 Membrane bioreactor (MBR) is an efficient wastewater treatment device . It’s a combination of membrane separation and biological wastewater treatment; therefore, it can replace various facilities in the conventional treatment process such as flocculate, sedimentation, filtration, absorption and disinfection. During the past several decades, MBR development has been given great attention, especially the submerged hollow fiber membrane bioreactor, in which the hollow fiber membrane modules are directly submerged into an aeration tank. Compared with other membrane bioreactors, the submerged hollow fiber membrane has the characteristics of lower energy consumption, smaller space requirement, simpler treatment process, easier operation and more convenient maintenance.The treatment of car washing wastewater using a new developed MBR-Superior Strains Membrane Bioreactor was presented in this thesis. 52 strains selected from the nature were used to remove the organics dissolved in the wastewater. The results showed that the strains were efficient. The effluent obtained was stable and excellent with COD<50mg/L, NH3-N<1.0mg/L, TP0.5 mg/L, LAS<0.8 mg/L, OIL0.5 mg/L, no color and free SS, and could meet the quality standard for reused wastewater issued by the Ministry of Construction. Most pollutants were biologically removed by Actived Superior Strains-PAC Sludge. The average removal rate of COD, NH3-N, TP, LAS, OIL were 60%, 95%, 80%, 90% , 92%. The experiment was operated steadily for about 120 days without any membrane module washing. The flux had kept over 300ml/(m2 - min) for more than 60 days.The difference of COD, NH3-N, TP, LAS, OIL removal efficiency between Superior Strains Membrane Bioreactor and Conventional Activated Sludge Membrane Bioreactor was discussed. The results showed that Superior Strains Membrane Bioreactor could produce much better quality effluent, especially in NH3-N, LAS, OIL and Color removal.The results also showed that Superior Strains Membrane Bioreactor had a larger anti-shock loading capacity and operated much more steadily than Conventional Activated Sludge Membrane Bioreactor.更多还原