钻井泵活塞的结构分析及改进设计

【作者】 蒋春梅；

【导师】 夏元白；

【作者基本信息】 西南石油学院 ， 机械制造及其自动化， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 本文概述了钻井泵活塞的研究现状和失效形式。活塞的主体材料是橡胶，橡胶是不可压缩材料，具有几何和材料的高度非线性行为；同时，活塞弹性密封件问题是状态非线性接触问题。 在本论文中，用实验方法测试了橡胶材料三种力学行为的应力应变。这三种实验分别是：单轴拉伸、双轴拉伸和剪切。根据测试数据，确定了Mooney-Rivilin理论的中的实常数，并用有限元软件ANSYS分析计算了活塞大变形问题。获得了多种应力场、位移场、变形情况和点集流线趋势，充分了解活塞在压力作用下的各种力学特性，最主要的是了解到了接触应力和摩擦力沿接触面的分布情况，探索了它们的高应力分布区，指出了活塞失效的主要原因，为活塞的改进设计提供了较为全面的资料和依据。最后，对活塞皮碗和钢芯进行改进设计；同时，提出一些延长活塞寿命的其它措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the article, the present research of drilling bump piston and the expiration form of it are summarized .The piston is mainly made up of incompressible rubber materials, which is highly non-linear with geometry and physics. In the mean time, the question of the electrometric-sealing element of piston is highly non-linear in state of contact as well.In the paper, stress and strain of three kinds of mechanics behavior of rubber material are tested by three experiment methods. These three experiments are: pull with single axis, pull with double axises and shear. According to the tested data, the real constant inside the theories of Mooney-Rivilin can be computed. And by the soft of the finite element method, which is ANSYS, Large deformation of rubber is computed. We can acquire the fields of stress, strain and displacement, and know the trend of grains flow and understood varied mechanics characteristics of piston under press function. What’s most, distributing of contact stress and friction stress along contact area can be known .We can find out district of high stress. And point out the basic reason that the pistons of drilling pump lose efficacy. So this paper provides reliable foundation for piston’s improvement design. At last, changing shape of the ring and steel hub of the piston, hope to prolong the service life of the piston, and at the same time ,mention some other improving measures in the article.更多还原