【作者】 蓝华生；

【导师】 陈泉生； 肖剑鸣；

【作者基本信息】 福州大学 ， 社会学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 本文，借鉴制度经济学和法律社会学理论，把中国的专利制度分为外在制度和内在制度，并把专利制度扩展到所有和专利技术的取得、维持、保护、交易、扩散有关的规则、组织、机构。在外在制度上，通过对国际专利技术标准化战略动向（专利技术——技术标准——技术许可的企业生存战略）和国外发达国家在当今高科技领域如电子、通信、医药制造等垄断核心技术的地位的分析，结合中国在加入世界贸易组织时在《与贸易有关的知识产权协定》和《贸易技术壁垒协定》方面的承诺，认识到中国的被动地位，因此，中国应把自己的角色定位在“世界大工厂”上，通过技术许可掌握和使用国外的核心技术，并在此基础上发展自己的自主专利知识产权，化被动为主动。这样，中国的专利制度就要为专利技术交易、国际先进技术转移创造条件，专利外在制度必须在专利市场、行政管理和执法、司法制度上进行创新。同时，在一些专利保护的新兴领域如生物技术发明、商业方法专利方面，中国要有专利战略眼光，从专利审查、个案等方面进行突破，以更明确的政策鼓励和授予这些技术专利，占据主动。在内在制度上，依据内在制度自发生成的理论和演化规律，提出，一方面理性定位中国专利宣传教育的指导思想，对社会公众、企事业单位、法律人阶层进行有所侧重教育，使之达到生成专利内在制度的临界人数；另一方面，在专利的仲裁、代理、咨询机构方面积极发展，形成制度演化的依赖路径。更多还原

【Abstract】 Using the experience of the theory of institutional economy and sociology of law, the writer divides the patent system in China into two parts in this thesis: one is inner system, the other is external system and extends the patent system to the rules and institutions concerning the patents’ ownership、obtaining、maintenance、protection、transaction and spreading. On the inner system, by analyzing the strategic trends of patents standardization and the advanced countries’ monopolizing position of the key technology in the high technological fields, for instance, electron、telecommunication、medicine manufacture etc., in accordance with the promises to《Agreements on Trade-Related Aspecds of Intellectual Property Rights 》and《Ageement on Technical Barrier to Trade》 when China entered the WTO, the writer points out our country’s disadvantage. So it is practical for our country to play the role of "World Factory". Through mastering and using the foreign countries’ key technology, we can develop our own patents. Thus, the China’s Patents System will create a good situation for the patents transaction and transfer of international advanced technology. As for the external system, some innovations should be made in the patents market、administration、law enforcement and judicial system. Meanwhile, China should have strategic view in the new patents protecting fields such as biotechnological invention and patents of commercial methods, break through in patents investigation, encourage and grant the above-mentioned technological patents with much clearer policy. The guiding ideology for patents publicity should be fixed rationally according to the inner system’s spontaneously generating theory and evolving rules and different education about the patent system should be offered to the public、enterprises、lawmen according to their different needs. At the same time, we should make active efforts on the patents’ arbitration、patents’ agency and patents consulting institutions in order to guarantee the evolution of the patent system.更多还原