甘蔗种质亲缘关系RAPD分析与抗旱相关性状测验

【作者】 曾华宗；

【导师】 郑成木；

【作者基本信息】 华南热带农业大学 ， 作物遗传育种， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究采用RAPD技术分析了甘蔗29份栽培品种与12份祖亲种的亲缘关系。筛选出25个多态性引物构建了41份甘蔗种质的RAPD指纹图谱，并对RAPD数据进行聚类分析。结果表明甘蔗祖亲种之间、甘蔗祖亲种与栽培品种之间、栽培品种之间遗传多态性均较低；多数栽培品种与热带种亲缘关系较近。同时研究了祖亲种的RAPD特征带以及在后代的重现，得到了热带种黑车里本和拔地拉的特征带S1367₃₂₀、印度种春尼的特征带S427₆₅₀、割手密种崖城割手密的特征带S418₅₆₀，这些特征带在后代的重现频率以热带种为高，印度种和割手密种则较低。 通过对甘蔗41份种质抗旱相关基因BADH（甜菜碱醛脱氢酶）基因的PCR检测，发现有7份祖亲种种质及4份栽培品种有扩增带，且不同种质之间扩增带有差异，祖亲种拔地拉和NG77/1、栽培品种POJ2878、POJ2875及崖城58/43、崖城58/47扩增带分子量约为750bp，而祖亲种那高利、芒高、崖城割手密、印度割手密及四川芦蔗扩增带的分子量约为800bp。同时还进行了甘蔗不同种质抗旱生理（离体叶片保水率、叶片相对含水量、气孔开度）测验，其结果与生产实际抗旱性表现基本一致，且不同生理指标测验可以互相映证。从而初步筛选出具有较强抗旱性生理和遗传基础的甘蔗祖亲种质和栽培种质，可在甘蔗抗旱育种中进一步加以验证和应用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Sibship between 29 sugarcane cultivars and 12 ancestor species was analysed with RAPD . RAPD fingerprints of 41 sugarcane germplasms were structured using 25 selected polymorphic primers , and the RAPD data were analysed . The results showed that genetic polymorphism between ancestor species and cultivars was low , and so was the polymorphism between ancestor species and between cultivars . Sibship was near between most of the cultivars and S.officinarum. Studies of the RAPD special band of ancestor species and reappearance in descendants showed that the special band of Black Cheribon(S.officinarum) and Bad’m(S.officinarum) was S1367320 , the special band of Churmee(S.barberi) was S4276so and the special band of YachQng(S.spontaneum) was S418560. The reappearance rate of the RAPD special band was higher in descendant S.officinarum than in descendant S.barberi and S.spontaneumBy means of PCR detecting , the 41 germplasms of sugarcane were studied in terms of the BADH (Betaine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase) gene which is related to drought resistance . Amplified bands were found in 7 species and 4 cultivars and these amplified bands were different between different germplasms . The molecular weight of the amplified band in Badia(S.officinaru/n) , NG77/l(S.robustum) , POJ2878 , POJ2875 . Yacheng58/43 and Yacheng58/47 was about 750bp . Whereas the molecular weight of the amplified band in Nargori(S.barberi) , Mungo(S.barberi), Index(S.sponlaneum) , Yacheng (S.spontaneum) and Luzhe (S.sinense) was about 800bp . Studied were made on the physiological indexes of drought resistance of these sugarcane germplasms including water content of the leaf after excision , relative water content of leaf and stomatal aperture . The results conformed to their actual drought resistance in field production , and all of the physiological indexes of drought resistance can testify each other . Then ancestor species and cultivars with strong drought resistance were preliminarily screened out which could be tested and applied in future breeding of drought resistant sugarcanes .更多还原