生物体内部结构三维显微成像技术研究

【作者】 饶岚；

【导师】 章海军；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 测试计量技术及仪器， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 生物体内部结构三维显微成像技术(Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Microscopic Images of Biological Internal Structure，简称3DRMI)的基本思想是将生物体进行序列化切片，得到二维序列图像，然后利用计算机对这些二维序列图像进行三维重构和显示，使生物体内部结构三维图像以及各断层面图像得到真实的再现。3DRMI技术涉及光学、机械、电子和计算机等多种技术，是多学科交叉融合的成果。该技术可广泛应用于生物学、生物医学及其相关领域。利用3DRMI技术，可以细致、完整、系统地获得生物体内部结构的数据信息，为后续研究提供依据。由于该技术的实用性及广阔应用前景，国内外的一些相关机构在进行研究，但从总体上来看，此项技术仍处于起步阶段。本文详细论述了3DRMI技术的基本原理和实现方法，介绍了已构建完成的3DRMI系统，从系统的角度对3DRMI技术进行深入的分析，其中着重研究了序列图像三维重构的算法及其实现，并给出了3DRMI实验研究及其结果。 本论文对硕士阶段的研究工作进行了总结，全文共分七章。第一章绪论，简要回顾几种内部结构成像技术的发展历史，并分析其发展现状及趋势；介绍本文的主要研究目标和研究内容。第二章3DRMI技术原理和方法，概述3DRMI成像系统的基本思想和总体框架；阐述了3DRMI技术涉及的切片技术、采集技术、三维重构技术的基本概念和基础知识。第三章序列图像的采集技术研究，介绍了显微成像系统、光照系统；设计了图像采集系统及其软硬件。第四章样品切片制备技术研究，内容包括序列切片系统机械装置设计，步进电机驱动的软硬件以及生物体样品制备技术研究。第五章序列图像的三维重构，首先对序列图像三维重构方法进行概述；其次，对二维图像处理软件进行研制；再次，对序列图像的三维几何重构的算法、程序模块以及序列图像三维重构程序进行研究和设计；最后介绍序列图像三维重构其他方法及其发展趋势。第六章生物体内部结构三维显微成像技术实验研究，是整个系统的实验部分，介绍了3DRMI实验系统；给出了模拟序列切片图像以及实际的简单序列切片图像的三维重构结果。第七章结论与展望，讨论了目前己构建的3DRMI系统存在的不足并提出了相应的改进设想。更多还原

【Abstract】 Three-dimensional reconstruction of microscopic images (3DRMI) of internal structure of biological specimens is one of the most important research fields in biological engineering. It has achieved great successes in the world over last decade. However,in our country,the research of this technology is on the primary state. The technology of 3DRMI involves optics,mechanics,electronics and computer science. The procedure of 3DRMI includes the steps as follows:firstly,make section preparation of the biological sample;secondly,capture the serial images of the section plan and save them in sequence;thirdly,process the serial images;finally,reconstruct three-dimensional model of the serial images. Using 3DRMI system,we can get the data and three-dimensional inner or outer structure of any organ. Therefore,the research of 3DRMI is of great value. This thesis discusses the basic principle and the method of 3DRMI technology,introduces the 3DRMI system that we have built,and focuses on the research of the three-dimensional reconstruction method of serial slice images. In the final part,we carry out the experiment on the 3DRMI system and present the result.The thesis is organized as follows:Chapter 1 introduces the history and development of several internal imaging methods. This chapter ends with the depiction of the primary research objectives of the thesis.In Chapter 2,we discuss the essential principle and feature-based design of 3DRMI imaging system. The basic concepts and methods of the slice,capture and reconstruction technology closing to the 3DRMI are expounded.Collection-technology on capturing a serial of slice image is introduced in Chapter 3. This part includes microscopic imaging system,lighting system,the hardware and software of capture system.The prepare-technique of the serial sample slice is discussed in Chapter 4,including the design of the slice machine,the software and hardware of the step-motor driving system. The technique of preparing the biological sample is discussed in this chapter.Chapter 5 presents the three-dimensional reconstruction method of a serial slice images. This chapter is organized as following:firstly,introduce several 3D reconstruction methods;secondly,design the software of two-dimensional image processing;thirdly,analyze the algorithms of the three-dimensional reconstruction in detail and discuss the design and implementation of our serial image-reconstruction software system;finally,present the other reconstruction method and its development.Chapter 6 introduces the 3DRMI experiment system and provides the corresponding experiment results. In this chapter,we simulate the 3D reconstruction of three serial images and give the reconstruction model of three serial actual slices images.The final chapter summarizes the main results and makes conclusions of the thesis. Some future research work is also described.更多还原