【作者】 陈晓宇；

【导师】 贾友苏；

【作者基本信息】 安徽医科大学 ， 人体解剖与组织胚胎学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 目的：①观察胎儿小肠(十二指肠、空肠和回肠)发育的组织形态变化。②研究胎儿小肠壁肥大细胞(mast cells MC)的发育规律和异质性。③研究人胎儿小肠壁P物质(SP)和降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)-IR肽能神经的分布和发育规律。④探讨胎儿小肠MC与SP-IR、CGRP-IR肽能神经的关系。方法：①苏木精伊红(HE)染色；②甲苯胺蓝(TB)特殊染色；③免疫组织化学ABC法。结果：①小肠组织的分化是从头端向尾端进行。第12周时，十二指肠形成较发达的叶状肠绒毛，空肠指状绒毛较明显，回肠为低矮的锥体形突起；潘氏细胞显现时间十二指肠、空肠、回肠分别为15周、16周、17周。第15周时，可见十二指肠中的肠腺延伸入粘膜下层形成粘液性细胞组成的十二指肠腺。第21周时，粘膜肌层出现，小肠壁四层分界渐清楚。②幼稚的MC颗粒用TB染色呈淡紫色，分化成熟的MC颗粒渐多，染成深紫色。第16周时，在小肠粘膜下层、肌层间结缔组织中偶见结缔组织MC，而粘膜MC出现在18周，结缔组织MC和粘膜MC有异质性。两型MC中某些自22周开始呈活化状态，有些MC表面界限不清，有脱颗粒现象，胎儿MC与血管、神经节等密切接触，MC可能与调节小肠局部血流及感觉等功能密切相关。③第14周时，胎儿小肠壁粘膜下层、肌层间结缔组织中偶见SP能、CGRP能神经纤维及神经元免疫反应产物，反应渐强，神经元从浅棕色到深棕色；神经纤维呈串珠状或点线状。从SP、CGRP免疫组织化学相邻切片上看，两者部分存在共存现象。④从小肠壁TB特殊染色MC和SP、CGRP免疫组织化学相邻切片上看，部分MC内存在SP、CGRP免疫反应阳性物质。结论：①在胎儿发育过程中，小肠组织形态出现明显的变化，其分化由十二指肠向空肠、回肠依次进行。②胎儿小肠MC有粘膜MC和结缔组织MC，两者存在异质性。③人胎小肠壁存在SP-IR、CGRP-IR肽能神经，粘膜下和肌间神经丛存在 安徽医科大学硕士学位论文 SP．IR、CGRP．皿肽能神经元和神经纤维，它们在发生、分布有差异。④胎儿小 肠某些MC内存在SPIR、CGny－IR肽能活性物质，MC可能与局部血液循环和 感觉等有关更多还原

【Abstract】 Objectives(1)To observe the histomorphologic development of human fetus small intestine (duodenum-, jejunum and ileum). (2) To study the developmental regularities and heterogeneity of mast cells in fetus small intestine. (3) To study the distribution and developmental regularities of Substance P (SP) and Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) - IR peptidergic nerves in fetus small intestine. ?To approach the relationship of the mast cells(MC) and SP- IR and CGRP- IR peptidergic nerves in fetus small intestine Methods (1)Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) staining. (2)Toluidine blue (TB) staining. (3) Immunohistochemical ABC method. Results. (1) The histological differentiations in small intestine were proceed from the beginning to the end .At 12nd week, the fairly developed lobe-shape intestinal villus were formed hi duodenum, Digital-shape villus had also seen in jejunum, but lower-conus body configur appeared in ileum. At 15th week, intestinal gland in duodenum extend into submucosa to form mucous cell’s duodenal gland. At 21st week, mucosa muscularis appearedgradually ,there were four layers in the wall of small intestine. (2)The granular of the immaure MC were pale violet and the granular of the mature MC were strong violet in color by TB staining. At 16 th week, connective tissue MC (CTMC) appeared occasionally in connective tissue of submucosa and muscular layer in small intestine. But the time of MC in mucosa (MMC) appeared at 18th week, So MC has heterogeneity. At 22nd week, the two types of MC were both active. They were distributed in the surrounding blood vessels and ganglions, etc. The verge of some MC were unclear, they were degranular phenomena. MC may play an important part in regulating blood circulation and sensation. (3)At 14th week, The SP-IR and CGRP-IR nerve fibers and cells appeared occasionally in the myenteric and submucous plexuses in small intestine, and the responds were gradually strong. Neuron showed from light to deep brown, and nerve fibers were presented as varicose and liner profiles. On the corresponding site of serial sections of SP-IR , CGRP-IR immunohistochemistry, some of them were coexisted in one nerve fiber and cells. (4)On the corresponding site of serial sections of TB special staining and SP- DR^ CGRP- IR immunohistochemistry, some of MC showed SP-IR, CGRP-IR immunoreactivity. Conclusion (1)The histologic form of small intestine appeared obviousely changing in developing fetus, Its differentiation proceeds successively from duodenum to jejunum and ileum. (2)There were two kinds of MC--mucosa MC and connective tissue MC, which showed heterogeneity.(3)The SP-IR and CGRP-IR peptidergic nerves were seen in fetus small intestine. The SP-IR and CGRP-IR nerve fibers and cells appeared in the myenteric and submucous plexuses, but their development and distributions were different. (4) Some of MC in fetus small intestine showed SP^ CGRP- immunoreactivity. MC may play an important part in regulating blood circulation and sensation.更多还原