石灰炉热工过程的在线仿真与智能集成控制

【作者】 李元峰；

【导师】 周孑民； 李旺兴；

【作者基本信息】 中南大学 ， 动力工程， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 石灰炉是目前工业上生产石灰和获得二氧化碳气体的常用设备，但由于石灰烧成的各项工艺参数难以获得，致使生产过程中普遍存在着石灰炉内生产状况难以准确掌握，生产自动控制无法进行等问题。本文在此背景下，针对石灰炉的具体情况，研究了利用热工仿真技术，使用新的智能集成控制的思想，解决石灰炉燃烧控制的难题。 本文根据炉内热平衡和物料平衡原理，建立了焦炭燃烧和石灰石分解的理论模型；对混合料预热过程及石灰冷却过程进行了研究和理论分析。基于对石灰炉内的燃烧等工艺过程的热工分析，建立了石灰炉内反应与传热的数值仿真模型。并以此为基础，利用现场检测和测定的各种参数，对石灰炉内预热带、煅烧带和冷却带的高度以及烧成状况、分解率等工艺过程进行计算机仿真，研究各参数对石灰石煅烧的影响。 根据仿真结果，在已有的自动检测系统基础上，通过增加必要的在线检测手段，收集石灰炉生产过程的在线信息，实现了石灰炉的全息检测；综合运用炉窑热工和反应动力学原理，总结现场操作经验和工艺要求，研究石灰炉控制模型，建立了专家知识库，开发了石灰炉炉况在线诊断模型和软件；根据石灰石煅烧分解率、炉内温度分布以及石灰炉运行状况的在线计算和诊断结果，采用模糊控制和专家控制系统相结合，运用模糊智能控制器，集成基于数学模型的控制技术和基于经验知识的控制技术，进行炉况控制决策，从而获得了过去难以达到的控制效果。 本系统投入生产实践中后，石灰质量、CO₂浓度及产能都有明显提高，石灰炉高效稳定运行，实现了增产降耗的目标。更多还原

【Abstract】 At present shaft furnace is widely used to product lime and obtain carbon dioxide inindustry. As it is difficult to determine some importan technical parameters and operatingcondition of lime sintering, production processes can not be understood accurately andcofltrOlled automatically. According to the actual condition of lime fumace, in this thesisnumerical simulation technology and new intelligent integration control idea are used tosolve the problem of combustion control in lime furnace.According to the theory of heat and materials balance, the theoretic model of cokecombustion and lime decomposition was established. The pre-heating process of mixed feedand cooling process of hot lime were investigated and theoretically analyzed. On the basis ofthermal analysis of the technical processes, a numerical model of reaction and heat transferin lime fumace was developed. Based on various parameters monitored and measured onsite, compllter simulation is carried ollt to find ollt the height of preheating zone,calcinations zone, cooling zone, and calcining status, decomposition ratio .etc. The impact ofparameters on lime stOne calcining has been studied.By adding new instruments and integrating the results of numerical simulation andmeasurements, the online information of production process in lime furnace was sufficientlycollected. By using thermal and reaction dynamics principles and fully collecting operationexperience, the control model of lime furnace was studied and expert repository wasestab1ished. Online diagnosing model and software of operation conditions of lime furnacewere aIso developed. According to the decomposition rate, temperature distribution, andonline diagnosing resultS of operating statUs, control strategy of fiJrnace operation wasdecided.Based on computer simulation and parameter measurements fuZZy and expert controlsystems were adopted, and funy intelligent controller was developed to integratemathematical model and experience of operators into control techniques to realize high-level control, which was difficult to attain before.After the control system was put into practice, the quality of lime, CO2 concentration and productivity were distinctly increased as a result of effective and steady operation of lime furnace, and thus, the target of increasing production and decreasing expense was realized.更多还原