【作者】 孙昂；

【导师】 严立； 朱新河；

【作者基本信息】 大连海事大学 ， 载运工具运用工程， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 在摩擦学领域中，传统的油性剂和极压抗磨添加剂由于自身的缺陷其应用受到很大限制。油性剂的承载能力低，极压抗磨剂多为含硫、磷、氯的有机物，污染环境，在国外已被限制使用。发展具有良好抗磨性能、高承载能力、对磨损表面具有一定修复功能的润滑油添加剂是摩擦学领域的前沿课题之一。 纳米材料由于独特的物理化学性质，在摩擦学领域显示了广阔的应用前景，成为具有巨大潜力的润滑油添加剂。尽管目前的研究还处在初期阶段，许多问题有待解决，但大量的实验结果已表明纳米材料可以作为润滑油添加剂而起到减摩、抗磨和抗极压作用。 本文的目的旨在深入研究纳米粒子的制备方法及其摩擦学特性。在参阅了大量文献的基础上，分别采用了球磨法、微乳液法、溶胶—凝胶法制备了超细二硫化钼、纳米铜粒子、表面修饰纳米二氧化钛，经原子力显微镜测试，获得的超细二硫化钼的粒度平均在800nm以内，纳米铜粒子平均粒度约为30nm，表面修饰纳米二氧化钛平均粒度约为40nm，在万能摩擦磨损试验机上测试了三种粒子的摩擦学特性，结果表明：在合理的添加浓度范围内，超细二硫化钼在低载时具有优良的减摩抗磨性能，纳米铜在高载时具有比较好的减摩抗磨性能，表面修饰二氧化钛粒子因具有有机与无机复合物的特性，从低载到高载都保持稳定的减摩抗磨性能。每种粒子因具有不同的减摩特性而都有其适用的范围，但研究表明采用有机与无机复合方法制备的有机—无机复合纳米粒子将是最有前景的润滑油添加剂。 论文还对纳米添加剂的减摩抗磨机理，用“原位摩擦化学原理”等摩擦自修复理论进行了分析，纳米粒子的减摩抗磨机理符合高性能化、自适应化、环境友好化，具有广阔的发展前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the field of tribolgy,the application of traditional oil -soluble additives of antiwear and reducing friction has been confined due to itself defect. An oil agent has a low load bearing capacity,extreme pressure andantiwear additives often contain the element of sulph,phosphorus,chlorine,which pollute surrouding enviorement,which have been restricted to use overseas.Deweloping lubricating oil additive with good antiwear,high load-bearing capacity and self-repair of wear surface is one of the important questions in tribology.Nano-materials show broad application due to its unique physical and chemical characteristics in the field of tribology,and become potential lubricating oil additives.Despite the present research still in the initial stage,many problems requir to be solved,however,lots of experimental results indicate that nano-materials possess the charateristics of reduing wear,antiwear and extreme pressure resistance.The preparation methods and its tribological characteristics of nanometer particles have been studied in this paper. With the reference of many relevant materials,the author prepared a fined molybdenum disulfide powder with a average size of 800nm by ball milling,and a nano-copper with average size of 30nm in micromulsion solution method,and synthesized surface-modified titanium dioxide nanoparticles with average size of 40nm in organic media via sol-gel method.The tribological performances of three particles were studied by universal test as well,with the result of fined molybdenum disulfide powder with good reducing wear and antiwear performance at low load,nano-copper with good reducing wear and antiwear performance at high load,surface-modified titanium dioxide nanoparticles maintaining stable reducing wear and antiwear performance from low load to high load due to its characteristics of organic and inorganic nanocomposite.The results indicate that the nanocomposite is the most perspective oil additive.The reducing wear and antiwear mechanism of nano oil additive was studied with in-situ tribochemical principle.Nano additives possess broadly developing prospect with its above-mentioned performance.更多还原