【作者】 戴中亚；

【导师】 杨翔；

【作者基本信息】 湘潭大学 ， 法律， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 村民委员会是在20世纪80年代初由于国家和农民的双重推动而产生并最终得到宪法确认的中国农村基层群众性自治组织，村委会选举是中国农村执行村民自治能否成功的关键。村委会选举制度创新了中国共产党和基层政权对农村领导的实现形式，改变了村委会成员的政治行为和权利分配构成，找到了中国政治体制改革的突破口,提高了农民的法治意识和民主素质，推动了农村经济和社会事业的健康发展。但由于村委会选举制度是一种新生的基层民主政治形式，在实施过程中也存在不少困难和问题：一是立法上的缺陷导致村委会选举在操作上出现困难，二是来自乡镇一级对权力的分割，三是国家政治体制改革的滞后淡化了基层民主氛围，四是农村经济发展缓慢和农民负担过重损害了村委会选举的社会基础。作者在总结村委会选举历史形成、特点、已取得成绩和存在不足的基础上，分析了村委会选举应遵循的三个基本原则，即自治原则、民主原则、法制原则，揭示了村委会选举的本质特征及其与传统礼治、乡镇基层政权和党组织的相互关系。通过对村委会成员产生过程中选民登记、候选人的确认、投票程序及选举结果的法律效力等和村委会成员职务提前终止的原因、方式及救济途径的深入剖析，提出了健全和完善村委会选举制度的具体意见。更多还原

【Abstract】 Villager committee is the basic mass autonomyorganization in Chinese countryside. It came into being underthe double motive force of the country and peasants in theearly 1980s and confirmed by the Constitution. In Chinesecountryside, the election of the committee’is the key-to thesuccess of carrying out the village autonomy. The villagercommittee election system creates the new implement form forthe Chinese Communist Party and the basic regimes to lead thecountryside. It also changes the villager committee members’poli LicaL actions and the construction of power distribution,finds the breakthrough point of the reform of Chinesepolitical system. Moreover, it promotes peasants’ legalconsciousness and democratic qualities, propel countrysideeconomy and social career forward healthily. Rut because theelection system of the villager committee is the new form ofthe basic democratic pol iti.cs, there are a lot of difficultiesand problems in the process of its implementation. First, theshortcomings of legislation make it difficult to operate inthe election. Second, town regime cut the power into improperpieces. Third, the lag of the country’ s political systemreform thinned the atmosphere of basic democracy; Fourth, theslow growth of country’ s economy and peasants’ excessiveburden damages the social foundation of villager committeeelection. On the base of summing up the course of its forming,the features, the achievements and the shortcomings of the<WP=16>villager committee election, the author analyzes the three basic principles obeyed in the election. They are: autonomy principle, democracy principle, nomocracy principle. Meanwhile, the author reveals the essential features of the election and the relations among the election, the traditional governance, towns basic regime and Party organization. Analyzing deeply the registration of voters in the course of election, confirmation of the candidates, the process of vote and the legal force of the election result, etc, the reason and the way of ending the committee members’ duty before the due date and how to rcl ieve under this circumstance, the author put forward the concrete idea about how to amplify and perfect the election system of the villager committee.更多还原