【作者】 曹伟文；

【导师】 宋世杰；

【作者基本信息】 湘潭大学 ， 法律， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 司法鉴定是在诉讼过程中，对于案件中的某些专门性问题，按诉讼法的规定，经当事人申请，司法机关决定，或司法机关主动决定，指派、聘请具有专门知识的鉴定人，运用科学技术手段，对专门性问题作出判断结论的一种核实证据的活动[1]。司法鉴定是为侦查、检察、审判、执行活动服务的，为其收集证据、审查核实证据，是司法活动中的一个环节或链条。司法鉴定制度是指诉讼过程中，有关鉴定活动的行为准则与规范的总称，包融于司法制度之中，是诉讼制度的组成部分，是司法制度不可缺少的内容。司法鉴定人是鉴定活动的中心人物，作为提供科学证据的主体在诉讼活动中发挥着越来越重要的作用，通过反思我国司法鉴定制度的缺陷和现行司法鉴定体制导致的混乱现状，比较分析两大法系国家司法鉴定有关制度的差异，探求如何从我国具体实际出发，完善立法，建构我国统一的司法鉴定新体制和建立独立、统一的司法鉴定体系；如何科学确立我国司法鉴定人的诉讼地位、资格、委托、权利与义务、法律责任以及出庭作证等基本制度。笔者从中国的司法鉴定实践出发，呼吁尽快立法，设想建立统一、独立、科学、公正的司法鉴定体制，建立起独立、一体化的专业司法鉴定体系，规范鉴定人管理，把司法鉴定人的诉讼地位定位为“科学证人”，严格鉴定人资格，改变鉴定人委托由公、检、法三机关垄断的局面，适当赋予当事人自行委托的权利，明确鉴定人权利、义务和法律责任，完善鉴定人出庭作证制度，从而改变我国目前司法鉴定工作的混乱局面，克服现行司法鉴定体制的缺陷，使司法鉴定制度朝着我国诉讼科学化、民主化、制度化的目标发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Judicial identification refers to a kind of acts of checking evidence, during the course of action，in which an identifier with expertise appointed or invitated by judicial organs after the application of the parties or without the application, with scientific technological methods complying with the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Law, draws a judgment conclusion.[1] Judicial identification serves the acts of investigation, procuratoration, justice and execution and serve their acts of collecting, examing and checking evidence, which is a link in judicial acts. The system of judicial identification refers to the general title of behavior rules and norms of acts of identification in the course of action, including the organizational system, the procedural system, the work system and the management system, mainly. The system of judicial identification is contained in the judicial system, which is a constituent of the system of action and is the content indispensable in the judicial system. An identifier is a central person in the act of identification who plays a more and more important role in the act of action as the subject of providing evidence. Through rethinking the defects of the system of judicial identification in our country and chaos resulting from the system of current judicial identification, the article analyzes and compares the difference of the relative system of judicial identification in the countries of two legal families, probes how to improve legislation and establish unified, independent, new system of judicial identification, starting from specific practice of our country; how to establish scientificly the basic systems of status of action, qualification, commission, rights and duties, legal burdens and bearing witness in a<WP=18>court, of identifiers, and so on. Starting from the practice of judicial identification in China, the author appeals to legislate as quickly as possible, plans to establish an unified, independent, scientific and just system of judicial identification, to make management of identifiers consistent with norms, to position the status of action of identifiers as“scientific witness”，to provide strictly qualification of identifiers, to change the situation in which the commission of identifiers is monopolized by three organs of the Public Security Organs, the Procuratorates and the courts, to entile properly the parties to entrust identifiers in person, to provide explicitly the rights, the duties and the legal burdens of identification, to improve the system of bearing witness in a court of identifiers, so as to change chaos of work of judicial identification in our country at present, to overcome the defects of the system of current judicial identification and to make the system of judicial identification develop toward the aims of scientification, democratization and systematization.更多还原