【作者】 琚川徽；

【导师】 袁兆山；

【作者基本信息】 合肥工业大学 ， 计算机软件与理论， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 需求工程是软件工程的一个分支，它是一个多学科、以人为中心的过程，其中需求分析和建模是一个极其重要的阶段。传统的需求建模往往只重视系统的“是什么”和“如何做”两个方面，而没有考虑系统的“为什么”方面。随着系统复杂性的提高和需求的不断变化，人们越来越认识到建模组织需求的重要性。由于每种语言表达能力不同、自然性和精确性各异，因而适用于不同层次的需求建模。基于此，本文提出了—个需求建模框架，该框架中将适合于建模组织需求的产框架与适合于建模系统需求的AlbertⅡ语言相结合。 本文首先详细介绍了产框架和AlbertⅡ语言，它们在表达能力、精确性、自然性和重用性等方面有各自的优势和缺陷。通过结合使用，它们可以在这些方面互补，从而获得表达能力更强、精确性更高的框架。但是i~*框架和AlbertⅡ语言所用的建模概念不同，这不利于组织需求模型到系统需求规约说明的转化。为了在二者间建立起连接，本文探寻了产模型与AlbertⅡ规约说明在一些概念上的对应规则。 其次，为了用AlbertⅡ语言说明非功能需求，本文提出了一个非功能需求表示框架。在这个框架中，将非功能需求用i~*框架中提出的概念—软目标(softgoal)来表示，用目标分解的方法将高层的软目标精化为低层的功能目标，然后用AlbertⅡ语言形式化地说明。 最后，本文结合银行转帐系统实例详细介绍了本文提出的需求建模框架的建模和分析过程。更多还原

【Abstract】 Requkement Engineering is an important branch of software engineering and a multi-disciplinary, human-centered process. Traditional requirement modeling usually only pays attention to "what" and "why" aspects of software system under development, but "why" aspects underlying system were ignored by developers. With increasing complexity and changing requirements of current system, people recognize the importance of modeling of organizational requirements. Because different languages have different abilities of expressiveness, naturalness, and precision, they are suitable for modeling different levels of software requirements. In this thesis, we present a framework for requkement modeling which combines i* framework that adapting for the modeling of organizational requkements with Albert II language that adapting for the modeling of system requkements.Fkst, this thesis describes i* framework and Albert II language in detail and each has its own flaws and strengths. We can attain a highly expressive and more precision framework through combining them. At the same time modeling concepts of i* framework and Albert II language are different, this goes against the transforming from model of organizational requkements to specification of system requkements. For making the links among them, this thesis has also searched for some relationships between concepts of i* model with its of Albert II specification.Second, this thesis also presents a framework for expressing non-functional requkements with Albert II language. In the framework, we express non-functional requkements with softgoal concept from i* framework. By decomposing softgoal, we refine the highly softgoal into functional ones and formally describe them in Albert II language.Last, this thesis shows the analyzing and modeling process of the framework that we presented by applying it to a banking system.更多还原