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人工饲养大鲵的繁殖生物学研究

Study on the Reproductive Biology of Artificial Feeding Andrias Davidiamus

【作者】 罗亚平

【导师】 姜国诚; 孙艳香;

【作者基本信息】 广西师范大学 , 生态学, 2002, 硕士

【摘要】 我们从2000年3月份开始对在人工饲养条件下的大鲵进行了宏观和微观两方面的研究。宏观方面我们主要对大鲵的人工饲养和人工繁殖关系以及大鲵的生长、捕食、食性、性腺发育成熟、人工催产、人工繁殖做了较为详细地研究。 在捕食、食性分析以及大鲵的生长速度与年龄、饵料关系的实验中,我们发现对投放的动物喜欢的程度依次是螃蟹,青蛙和鳅鱼、小杂鱼。对动物的内脏、各种小昆虫,这些非活体的东西不很感兴趣。 不同体重和不同年龄的大鲵在相同的密度下,其生长速度不同,不同的饲料品种饲养大鲵的生长速度也不同,其中人工配合饲料饲养的增长速度是最快的,其次是青蛙和螃蟹喂食的,增长最慢的是小杂鱼,主要因为配合饲料的营养很全价的。 在大鲵的性比和怀卵量的实验中,大鲵的雌雄比基本接近1:1,大鲵的绝对怀卵量是随着体重的增加而增加的,而相对怀卵量随着体重的增加反而减少,相对怀卵量最高的是性腺成熟不久,体重为500-1000g左右的大鲵。 另外在大鲵人工催产繁殖的一系列研究中,我们发现大鲵的性腺发育成熟、卵子、精子的质量高低与食物有着密切的关系,与注射激素的种类和量以及效应时间都有关系。 微观方面,用光镜和电镜观察了大鲵卵巢的卵母细胞发育过程,输卵管、睾丸、输精管的显微和超微结构。对大鲵卵母细胞以及精巢细胞的变化进行了详尽的观察。靠近卵核区域的线粒体大多数是原线粒体,它们没有形成明显的峭,有的处于增殖状态。散在卵质中的线粒体大多数是成熟的线粒体,有的有明显的峭。冬季精巢中只有精原细胞和初级精母细胞的存在,没有成熟的精子。另外还分析了输卵管管壁的各种形态的腺体细胞和输精管管壁各种形态细胞的结构。讨论了卵母细胞中线粒体变化的原因和冬季大鲵卵母细胞以及精母细胞的分期,比较了中国大鲵的输卵管管壁与中国林蛙输卵管管壁显微和超微结构的差别,中国大鲵的精巢、输精管和其它两栖动物的精巢、输精管的区别。

【Abstract】 We began the research on artificial feeding of Chinese giant salamanders on macroscopic and microscopic aspects in March 2000. We studied principally the relationships of artificial feeding and artificial reproduction,growth,prey,feeding pattern,the gonads of maturity,induction of ovulation ,artificial reproduction.During the experiments of prey,the analyses of feeding patterns,the relationships between growing speed and age,and between growing speed and feed,we discovered that Chinese giant salamanders like the crabs best,then frogs and loaches and then small fishes . Giant Salamanders were not very interested in entrails and different kinds of insects which were dead. Under the same density,Giant Salamanders with different weights,ages and feeds grew at different speeds. In particular,Giant Salamanders which were bred with artificial mixed feed grew most quickly,then with crabs and frogs,with different kinds of small fishes grew most slowly .The reason of this phenomenon was that the nutrition of mixed feed was the most adequate.During the experiments of sex ratio and carrying ovum quantity,the sex ratio of giant salamanders was about 1:1 .The absolute carrying germ cell’s quantity of Giant salamanders increased with weight increasing. On the contrary,the relative carrying ovum quantity of Giant salamanders reduced with weight increasing. The relative carrying ovum quantity of Giant salamanders was the highest just after gonads mature. Body weights wereabout500-1000g.On the other hand,during the experiments of artificial reproduction,we discovered that the maturity of gonads,qualities of sperm and ovum of giant salamanders were tightly connected with foods,different types quality of hormones and effective time.On the microscopic aspect,the microstructure and ultrastructure of oocytes,testes,spermatic ducts and oviducts walls of Chinese winter giant salamander were observed with light and electron microscopes. Structures of big and small oocytes and testis cells were investigated in detail . Mitochondrion closed to the nucleus were composed of primitive mitochondrion. They did not form clear cristate,some of them weremultiplied in these areas,the mitochondrion distributed in the ooplasm were mature with clear cristate. In addition,we particularly analyzed the structures of oviducts and testes of Chinese Andrias Davidianus ,mucous cells with different shapes,phrases of oocytes and sperm cells ,the changing reason of Mitochondrion in oocytes ,the differences between the walls of oviducts of Chinese giant salamanders and Rana Temorria Chensinesis,and between testis,spermatic ducts of giant salamanders and other amphibious were discussed in this paper.

  • 【分类号】S966.6
  • 【下载频次】435
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