【作者】 朱梁凤；

【导师】 钱宗范；

【作者基本信息】 广西师范大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 瑶族是广西少数民族之中人数较多的少数民族。在漫长的历史进程中，瑶族人民创造了丰富多彩的传统文化。瑶族传统文化对瑶族社会发展的重要影响贯穿始终。因此，探讨如何更好地批判继承传统文化，推动瑶族社会发展，不仅具有学术意义，也是关系到广西乃至全国数百万瑶族人民发展的大事。本文立论于马克思列宁主义关于建设社会主义新文化离不开对民族传统文化的批判继承的基本理论，采用广泛的比较研究方法和调查的方法，通过对瑶族众多的历史文献、口碑资料的研究分析，从宏观的角度对瑶族传统文化进行研究与归纳，探索了瑶族传统文化的内涵、基本特点、演变规律及产生原因，并在此基础上思考批判继承传统文化和促进社会建设的措施。 文章共有十部分。 第一部分在研究了广西瑶族大量历史文献和资料的基础上，首先总结出瑶族传统文化的三大特点：变异多样性，融汇性，强大的凝聚力。这三大特点在很大程度上决定和影响了瑶族传统文化的基本面貌。 在此基础上，文章的第二至第十部分进一步从微观上对瑶族传统文化中民族特色显著的十个方面进行考察，总结出相应的规律特征，并相应提出在当代改造、利用和开发的措施。 第二和第三部分考察了瑶族传统物质生产、服饰、饮食等物质文化层面。文章探索了瑶族传统物质生产及其对瑶族社会的影响，总结出瑶族传统物质生产的三大规律特征：不平衡性，自给自足的封闭性，迁徙性；在此基础上提出了科学种植、开发民族产业、解放思想、转变观念等改善瑶族经济生活、发展瑶族经济的措施。对瑶族传统服饰和传统饮食进行考察，总结出相应的规律特征：瑶族传统服饰是瑶族传统的生活方式、原始崇拜、民族历史文化融合的产物；瑶族传统饮食是建立在瑶族传统的生产生活方式基础之上，包含了某些原始习俗、封建伦理观念和宗法男权意识；因此，提出了充分发掘瑶族传统服饰文化中的文化价值和经济价值、大力加快瑶区经济建设、提高瑶族人民的知识文化水平、树立科学文明的饮食观等发展措施。 第四至第六部分考察了瑶族的政治、婚姻家庭、节日等社会文化层面。总结比较后，文章指出：瑶族传统政治文化表现出群体性、具体性、地域性的特征，瑶族传统婚姻家庭体现出原始婚姻遗俗、封建影响、格外丰富多彩的特征，瑶族传统节日具有与生产劳动、宗教信仰紧密联系，地域特色鲜明的特征。针对这些特点，同时根据江泽民同志发展先进文化的指示，当前批判继承瑶族社会文化，促进瑶区建设可采取如下措施：第一，利用民族传统形式，改造瑶族传统习惯法，为社会主义法制建设服务；第二，提高瑶族人民的知识文化水平，移风易俗，对不利于瑶区建设的陈规陋俗进行改造；第三，改革、利用瑶族传统节日，在加大瑶族与其它兄弟民族的文化交流的同时，发展民族旅游，发展经济。 第七至第十部分考察了瑶族的伦理道德、宗教、民间艺术、教育等精神文化层面。瑶族伦理道德特征是寓于瑶族人民的生活中，保留了强烈的原始民主主义和互帮互助传统美德；瑶族传统宗教处于一种相对原始发展阶段，多神崇拜，各种信仰兼容并包；瑶族民间艺术为一种源于生产和生活之中、生活气息浓厚，民间自发形成、以口相传、以身相传的艺术形式；传统教育体现出生活性、直观性、普遍性、互教性、终身性等特征。因此，本文指出，要发挥瑶族传统伦理道德中与当代社会建设相一致的冈素，以经济建设为中心，提高瑶族人比的科学文化水平，提倡科学文明的生活力式；加强社会主义粗神文明建设，大力促进宗教活动的比俗化，转移宗教情感，积极引导瑶族宗教为瑶区建设事业服务；宏扬瑶族传轨教育中的优秀部分，如巫视通过各种活动进行教育，家庭教育与社会教育相结合等，促进瑶区的教育发展和文化建炎。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Yao nationality is a minority nationality with a larger population among GuangXi’s minority nationalities . During their long course of history ,the people of Yao nationality created abundant traditional culture. The importance of its society ran through its whole history. Thus ,the exploration of how to better critically inherit the traditional culture and promote the development of the Yao’s society is not only of academic meaning ,but also a great matter concerning the development of millions of Yao people in GuangXi, even in china .On the basis of the basic theories of Marxim-Leninism that the building of socialist new culture can’t be separated from the critical inheritance of traditional national culture, universally employing comparative study and investigation methods, through the analysis of rich historical documents and public praise materials, conducting the study and summing up of the traditional culture of the Yao nationality from a macroscopic angle ,this article explores the connotation, basic characters, evolution law and the reason for its origin .And based on this ,this thesis discusses some measures of critically in heriting traditional culture and promoting the building of the society.There are ten parts in all in this thesis.Based on the research into rich historical documents and material of GuangXi’Yao nationality .The first part summarizes three characters of its traditional culture :variative complexity ,the nature of involvement and its strong ability of condensation .These three characters decide and affects the basic appearance of the traditional culture of the yao nationality in a high degree.On this basis, the other parts from the second to the tenth furtherly proke into ten aspects of the traditional culture which possesses obvious national characters from a microscopic point of view ,summarie relevant regular characters and accordingly put forward some measures to transform, take advantage of and exploit the culture at the present age.The second and third part observe and study such materialistic and cultural levels as traditional life, dress and diet of the Yao nationality .This article explores its traditional economic life and its effect on its society, and summarizes three regular characters of its traditional economic life :imbalance, self-suffiency and migration .On above basis this article provides some measures to improve the economic life of the Yao and industry ,develop their economy ,namely scientific planting ,the exploitation of national the liberality of minds and the change of ideas ,etc. The observation and study of traditional dress and diet of this nationality summarizes relevant regular characters: the traditional dress of the Yao people is the mixture of their traditional life pattern, primitive worship and national historical culture .Their traditional diet is basedon their traditional production and life pattern and it includes some primitive customs, fendal ethical ideas and consciousness of patriarchal men’s rights. Hence this article discusses value of the traditional dress culture of the Yao nationality ,speed the economic construction of the Yao area ,improve their intellectual level and establish scientific and civilized diet ideas.The parts from the fourth to the sixth explore the Yao nationality’s social cultural levels such as politics, marriage and family, and festival . After certain summary and comparison, this article points out: the traditional political culture of the Yao nationality takes on such characters as being in groups ,audio-visuality. And regionalism ,its traditional marriage and family possess . Such characters as marriage customs left over from primitive times, feadal effect ,and extraordinary abundance. Its traditional festivals have such characters as closely relating to productive labor, religious belief and obvious regional characters. According to these characters, under Jiang ZeMin’s instructions of developing advanced culture , at present we can take the following measures to critically inherit更多还原