数字水准仪的原理、检定及应用研究

【作者】 薛志宏；

【导师】 李广云；

【作者基本信息】 中国人民解放军信息工程大学 ， 大地测量学与测量工程， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 数字水准仪自1990年诞生以来，凭借其精度高、速度快、操作简单等优点很快得到了广大用户的认可，并逐步应用于高精度水准测量、变形监测、工业测量等多种领域，成为水准测量仪器发展的趋势。目前徕卡、蔡司、拓普康、索佳四家公司相继推出了各自的数字水准仪产品，不同厂家的仪器采用了不同的电子读数原理和标尺编码结构。同传统的光学水准仪相比，数字水准仪原理新颖，影响其精度的误差源也有所不同，目前还没有针对数字水准仪的检定规程。随着数字水准仪的广泛应用，急需制订一套合理的方案以评定数字水准仪的质量。 基于此背景，本文首先介绍了目前常用的各种数字水准仪的原理及它们各自的特点，分类归纳了影响数字水准仪测量精度的误差源及影响的规律和大小，然后，在总结目前国内外对数字水准仪检定方法的基础上，论述了对数字水准仪进行系统精度检定的必要性，并且设计了一套基于双频激光干涉仪的系统精度检定方案，实际的试验数据表明，该方法是合理、可靠的。论文的最后对数字水准仪的一体化应用开发进行了尝试。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the introduction of the first digital level by Leica in 1990, this type of equipment has rapidly gained acceptance because of its advantage. In many fields such as precision leveling, deformation monitoring and appropriate industrial surveying, digital levels will take the place of optical levels. At present, four manufacturers, Leica, Zeiss, Topcon, Sokkia, introduced different models of digital levels to the surveying market with different measurement principle and code staff. Because of the large difference between digital level and optical level, the suitable method to assess the precision of digital level is needed.In this paper, the measurement principle of various digital levels and error sources is discussed. On the basis of summarizing the methods for calibration of digital levels, we present a measurement procedure for system calibration of digital levels with double-frequency laser interferometer. The reliable results of test according to the procedure are provided. At the last section of this paper we discuss the program design based on Windows CE to communicate with digital levels.更多还原