开放式猪舍通风与喷雾蒸发降温系统的研究

【作者】 朱志平；

【导师】 张肇鲲；

【作者基本信息】 安徽农业大学 ， 农业机械化工程， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 夏季高温环境对畜禽的生产影响很大，在这种环境下，畜禽的生产严重受阻，饲料转化率下降，不能维持正常的生产，尤其对于我国目前80％以上的猪舍都是开放式和半密闭舍，现有的降温方式都不能起到满意的效果，为解决这个矛盾，有必要采用新的降温系统，本课题采用实用、有效的原则提出了一种新的降温系统—冷风机通风、喷雾蒸发降温系统，本系统适用于开放式猪舍以及其它形式的畜禽舍。对该系统进行了理论研究和结构设计与测试，并将降温系统安装在开放舍和半密闭舍进行了初步的降温试验，通过试验表明，该种降温系统能够有效的解决开放舍夏季降温问题。本文对本降温系统的雾滴运动分析、降温系统原理、冷风机降温系统的部件设计和实验测试和实际降温效果进行的分析。 1．通过对冷风机的雾滴运动规律进行分析。分别根据雾滴在水平方向上和垂直方向上的雾滴运动规律和运动方程进行分析，通过运动方程，得出不同雾滴直径在水平和垂直方向上的运动时间和运动距离，在雾滴直径为50μm，初始速度为10m／s时雾滴在水平方向上的运动距离为0.0379米就能蒸发完毕，同样在的雾滴直径在环境温度为30℃，相对湿度为90％时在垂直方向上的运动时间为18.8秒，下落高度为0.67米。为冷风机降温系统的喷雾直径要求和实际安装高度和安装距离提供依据。 2．对冷风机的射流理论进行分析，研究冷风机的射流直径和射流范围，并对冷风机的安装高度，安装距离进行分析；通过原理设计冷风机通风和喷雾关键部件的结构尺寸，对冷风机的通风和喷雾进行检测，雾滴直径在不同的喷雾量下变化不大，基本保持在20-50μm之间，在不同的喷雾直径下，雾滴直径90％都在40μm以内，使用数理统计方法分析雾滴粒度分布规律，根据实际数据和参数估计的进行假设检验，结果显示理论和实际数据基本吻合，冷风机的雾滴能充分的蒸发。 3．对猪舍的传热和通风进行分析，建立猪舍的热平衡，计算不同猪舍通风量要求。 4．将本降温系统实际使用在开放式猪舍中，进行了系统的初步生产试验，由试验数据表明，舍内控制区域内平均温度下降4℃左右，相对 湿度在80％人右，对猪八的生tffi环境没有产生太人的矽，向，能够人 效的缓解猪只a多的热应讯 5．本降温系统在使用安装方面，不需终对任何舍的胆筑结构进行改造， 安装和使用方便，通过与其它降温方式进行比较，本降温系统不仅 投资小，安装使用方便，而且能适用于各种不同结构的畜禽舍。更多还原

【Abstract】 The high temperature has greatly influenced the production of swine in the summer. The farmer can t product in normal with bad productivity and low feed s reward. Especially in open and semi-closed livestock houses over the whole 80 percent,there are no better cooling system can be used. We should study a new system in order to solve this problem. The new ventilation and evaporative cooling system is air-cooling fans. This cooling system is a positive ventilation system. The wind and the fog drop spurt out at the same time in the same apparatus. This air-cooling fan can be used both open houses and closed houses.A systematic study on this cooling system and the structure design has been made in this paper. Some cooling system have been installed in open and semi-closed houses,the original data show that this cooling system efficiently solved the problem of heat resistant. The drops movement has been analyzed,the details are as follows.1. According to the analysis of the movement and the evaporative process of fog drops. The horizontal and vertical movement of drops have been studied ,The time and the length of drops move on both horizontal and vertical movement were calculated ,while the fog s diameter is 50 u m and the preliminary velocity is 10 m/s,the length of drops move on horizontal is only 0.0379 m;while the fog s diameter is 50 u m and the temperature 30 and RH is about 90 percent ,the total time of drops movement is 18.8 second ,the length of drops movement is only 0.67 m .Those data can help how to install the cooling system correctly.2. A theory of jet about the air-cooling fan is made;the diameter of the jet and the cover range were studied. The key dimension of fan have been designed. Experimentally analyzed with water spray Analyzing the number distribution and mass distribution of drops when use different water volume ,The main diameter range is from 20 to 50 u m. The total drop quantity is 90 percent which diameter is less than 40 u m .Using proof analyzing,the water volume have litter effluence the evaporative rate ,and the whole drops can evaporate fully.3. The thennal balance has been founded after the ventilation rates and the heattransfer were analyzed.4. The air codling system have been installed in open and semi-closed livestock houses. The experimental result revealed that the range of average temperature is reduced about 4,and the RH is about 80 percent,this environment can reduce the swine heat resistant.5. The air-cooling fan can be used in open and semi-closed livestock houses without any houses reformation. It is easy to install and use. Compare with other cooling system,the air-cooling fan is pay less investment and can use in closed livestock house.更多还原