【作者】 李子华；

【导师】 龚喜平；

【作者基本信息】 西北师范大学 ， 教育， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 阅读教学是语文教学的主要任务，阅读能力是学生语文能力的重要方面。目前，中学阅读教学中的“少慢差费”现象仍未得到根本改变，学生的阅读能力还普遍较低，而贫困地区初中生阅读能力更差，成为制约该地区学生素质全面发展的重要因素。本文以国家级贫困县通渭县的初中三年级学生为研究对象，运用测验法、问卷调查法、观察法和个案分析法等研究方法，对该县初三学生的阅读能力现状进行了调查，并分析了相关的原因，提出了相应的对策。调查研究表明：通渭县初中学生的阅读能力整体水平较低，且城乡之间存在着显著的差异。主要表现在：阅读速度慢，识字量少，整体感知能力差，鉴赏评价能力低，迁移运用能力不够，缺乏思维的创造性。研究发现：造成初中生阅读能力低下的主要原因有：①教学因素：教学方法陈旧，学生主体性学习不够，课外阅读量少。②非智力因素：没有养成良好的阅读习惯，对语文学习的兴趣不浓，课堂阅读注意力不集中，阅读意志差。③环境因素：家庭阅读条件差，学校和社会的阅读环境不良。针对上述现状，笔者提出了相应的培养学生阅读能力的对策：重视小学阶段的阅读积累；激发学生的阅读兴趣，注重阅读习惯的养成；教给学生阅读的方法和技巧；创设主体性阅读教学模式；培养学生的感悟能力和思维能力；开设阅读选修课，加强课外阅读指导；发挥地域文化优势，开展课外阅读活动；转变全社会的阅读观念，营造良好的阅读氛围。为使贫困地区阅读教学走出困境，全面培养学生的阅读能力，笔者所在的通渭一中在初中进行了“三课一体”（自主性阅读课、阅读选修课、阅读活动课）阅读教学实验，已经取得了阶段性成果。更多还原

【Abstract】 Improving the reading ability is the main task of Chinese teaching, and reading ability occupies a great deal in Their Chinese. The "fewer, slower, poorer and more costly" has not been brought under permanent control in reading teaching at present. The general reading ability of the students still falls far short of what is required, especially that of the students in poor area has become the main factor which prevent them from developing fully. this thesis is an investigation on reading ability which based on the Junior Ⅲ students in TongWei County, known nationwide for its poverty, with testing, questionnaire, surveying and individual analysing. the related cause has been analysed and proper ways have been put up.The investigation shows: reading ability of the students in junior middle schools in TongWei County is generally far behind. And there is obvious gap between the students in country-side and those in town in following ways: reading speed, vocabulary, mental percepting, appreciating, proficiency in using what they learned transitively and creative thinking.The following factors account for the low reading ability :(1) teaching factors: old teaching method, lacking of self-guided studing and not enough reading after class. (2) non-intellectual factors: no habit of reading, no great interest in reading Chinese, not attentively when they are reading in class, no strong will. (3) enviromental factors: the reading enviroment at home is bad and that at school and of society is not good enough.Ways have been put up to deal with the situation mentioned above in a big way: devoting much attention to the reading and accumulating in primary school, arousing the interest of the students in reading, lay stress on developing the habit of reading; showing the students the reading method and technique; creating student-centered reading teaching; training their perceptivity and thinking; giving elective courses, making a good job of reading after class; guiding them to bring the advantage of regional culture into full play, reading more after class; changing the idea of reading of the whole society to form a good atmosphere.In order to get rid of the difficult situation of reading in poor area and developing the reading habit of the students, TongWei No. Ⅰ middle school, where the author works, is carrying out “Three-course-to-one”(active reading, elective reading, reading activities) experiment, and a lot has been achieved by stages.更多还原