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职务经济犯罪动机及预防对策

Economic Crime in Administrative Positions and Prevention Strategies

【作者】 朱孟军

【导师】 王重鸣;

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 , 企业管理, 2002, 硕士

【摘要】 职务经济犯罪是当今官吏腐败和司法腐败的主流,被称为中国头号的社会问题。研究职务经济犯罪动机与成因对预防职务经济犯罪具有相当重要的意义。 本次研究重点访谈了30多名具有一定代表性的职务经济犯罪人,并通过设计专门问卷调查了400名职务经济犯罪人,在此基础上对职务经济犯罪动机与客观因素、主观因素、环境压力激励需要因素之间根本性的、直接的、间接的联系进行分析和比较,分门别类综合考察动机成因。 研究主要结论有五点: 1、组织因素中的监督乏力、制度缺陷、不良风气是诱发、形成犯罪动机的很重要原因。主要表现有三个层次,距离最近的相连层次是客体满足主体的需要,为主体所利用,组织因素相对于需要因素来讲,具有明显的压力激励的作用,对需要的萌动和发展方向具有激发和诱导的力量,在哲学意义上具有最终的决定作用。第二个层次,相对于个体因素来说,行为人通过对组织环境因素的观察学习、替代强化,可以能动地将组织因素内化为相应的价值取向、个性特点和人际交往倾向等主观因素,并成为影响需要、动机的中介自我调节要素。第三个层次,组织因素是犯罪动机转变为犯罪行为的必备相关条件,它以整体的、宏观的层面来影响动机,以权力包围稀缺资源为核心,向职务经济犯罪提供了一切机会。 2、在个体意义上,个体因素对犯罪动机的形成具有决定作用,其迷失人格、自私重财的价值取向、冒险失责的个性特点、外向权宜的交际倾向对成就需要、权力需要具有显著的中介自我调节作用,促使其形成相应的职务经济犯罪动机。 3、成就需要、权力需要一方面接受组织因素的环境压力激励,另一方面,又能动地接受个体因素的中介自我调节,由需要演化为欲动,最终演变为职务经济犯罪动机。 4、组织因素以“权力”为中心,个体因素以“自我”为中心,需要因素以“获利”为中心,三个中心的相互作用,形成以权谋私的职务经济犯罪动机。 5、职务经济犯罪动机是很复杂的,其包括三个因素(易激惹、欲求不满、理由化)、十种心理(吃亏补偿、投资回报、嫉妒攀比、从众合流、及时行乐、孤注一掷、人之常情、法不责众、为公无过、侥幸过关)。本研究在对结果讨论的基础上提出进一步研究的问题和方法的启示。

【Abstract】 Economic crime in position is one of the serious social problems in China, a mainstream of justice and bureaucratic corruptions. So the study of the motivations and causations of economic crime in administrative positions has important implications for prevention strategies.The present study interviewed 30 typical economic criminals, using questionnaires, and analyzed their motivations and situations, such as organizational, individual, environmental stress factors. From the study, the following results:1. Lack of monitoring, limitation of regulation and poor atmosphere in originations were among the important factors to those economic crimes. These factors formed three levels effects on crimes, 1) the organizational factors motivated offender’s needs, and determined the development of needs;2) the organizational factors interacted with offenders’ value orientations, personalities and interpersonal relationships, and became the moderating factor of needs and motivations to crimes;3) the organizational factors were the determines of crimes, and formed the macro atmosphere and elicited chances of crime.2. The individual factors determined the form of crime motives. The unique personality, value to assets, risk-taking behaviors and intention of social relations had significant effects on achievement motivation and power motivations; and turned into the motivation of crimes.3. By organization and individuals’ factors, the achievement and power motivation formed the crime motives.4. The interaction of organizational factors, individual factors and personal needs became the motivation of power-benefit exchange crimes.5. The complex motives of economic crime in administrative positions had three dimensions and ten features.The implications and future research directions are discussed on the basis of findings from this study.

  • 【网络出版投稿人】 浙江大学
  • 【网络出版年期】2003年 01期
  • 【分类号】D917
  • 【下载频次】341
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