【作者】 咸冬英；

【导师】 王跃先； 王丽华；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 环境与资源保护法学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 环境污染民事责任是指因人(公民、法人)的活动，致使生活环境或生态环境受到污染，从而损害一定区域人们的生活权益、环境权益或其他权益的行为人所应承受的民事上的法律后果。 环境污染民事责任属于特殊侵权的民事责任，在我国的远古时代就有萌芽，国外许多国家法律中都有详细规定。本文通过比较中外环境污染民事责任，提出我国环境污染民事责任应坚持“二要件说”，即“行为违法性”不作为构成要件之一。指出我国环境污染民事责任归责原则的弊端，建议完善无过失责任原则。针对我国日益严重的环境污染问题，提出制定《公害防治法》，明确规定举证责任转移和因果关系推定原则。另外，将“停止侵害、排除妨碍、消除危险”作为《公害防治法》的几种主要民事责任方式，并提出对污染受害者进行救济的几种途径。旨在预防和防止环境污染，实现人类社会的可持续发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 The civil liability of environmental pollution is a civil legal consequence which the person (citizen, legal person) should take because his actions lead to living and ecology environmental pollution and therefore damage the living rights, environmental interests and other kinds of rights and interests of the people in certain fields.The civil liability of environmental pollution belongs to the special tort civil liability and it sprouted form ancient China, and many overseas countries have detailed provisions about it. Through the comparison between China and western countries, this article points out that Chinese civil liability of environmental pollution should insist on " two constitutive requirements " that is to say " illegal act" should be eliminated in constitutive requirements. In this article, the author poses disadvantages of Chinese doctrines of liability fixation in civil liability of environmental pollution and suggests perfecting principles of liability without fault; in the light of Chinese increasingly serious environmental pollution, the author raises to draft" prevention and Cure Act in public Hazards " , and clearly provides the shift of onus of proof and presumption principles of causality. Moreover, this article puts " stop damage, eliminate the obstruction and eliminating the effects of the act " as the main civil responsibility patterns and gives some relief ways to aggrieved parties. The purpose is to prevent environmental pollution and realize sustainable development in human society.更多还原