【作者】 万勇；

【导师】 王煤；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 化学工程， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 合成氨是重要的化工产品，在国民经济中具有十分重要的意义。合成氨工艺是最典型的化工生产工艺之一，它集原料前处理、反应、传热、传质、分离、产品后处理等为一体，设备多，流程长而复杂。合成氨还是一个消耗原料、燃料和动力很大的化工产品。从七十年代能源危机自今，能源供应紧张，价格越来越高，同时世界各国对环境保护的要求也越来越高，严峻的形势迫使合成氨生产企业实施节能降耗技术改造。赤天化广泛收集、研究当今世界合成氨发展的最新成果，完全依靠自己的力量，在全国首次对传统的Kellogg制氨工艺进行改良，于96年完成增产节能改造，一次开车成功。经过几年的摸索和运行，完全达到了增产和节能的预期目标。 本文综合物理化学、化工原理、反应工程、分离工程、数值计算、计算机等学科相关内容，针对改良Kellogg流程中天然气增湿、富液冷却工艺、分子筛除水、氨合成塔后分氨和驰放气氢回收等新增关键部分及原装置中一段炉、二段炉、脱碳、冷冻等重要部分进行深入研究，作出全装置物料平衡数学模型和能量平衡数学模型。 本文论述了装置中各组分的热力学物性计算模型、相平衡计算模型。用理论计算代替插值等数值计算。 针对改良型Kellogg大型氨厂回路复杂，交叉点多，实际生产参数变化频繁等复杂情况，本文研究和开发出了简捷、快速的计算方法，使迭代试差计算迅速收敛。 摘要 本研究成果己利用设计数据和生产实际数据进行检验，结果表明各项数据符合实际，准确可靠。程序的运行结果被企业、设计院和大学用于进一步研究节能降耗的重要基础数据。程序的运行结果还被企业用于管理，如考核车间消耗，校核流量计等。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ammonia is an important chemical product and it plays a very significant role in the national economy. The process of ammonia production is a typical chemical technology, which includes material treatment, chemical reaction, heat and mass transfer, and product post-treatment. The process is long and complex. Besides, there are many equipments in the process. Furthermore, the production of ammonia consumes a lot of raw material, fuel and power. Since 1970’ energy resource crisis, we have faced problems of both lack of energy supply and its higher and higher price. Meanwhile, the nations in the world have made more restrict requirements to environment protection. All these rigorous situations force the ammonia producers to perform technical implements for energy saving, capacity increasing and consumption reducing. The CHITIANHUA made its technical revamping to the traditional Kellogg’s ammonia technology firstly by itself in China after widely collecting and researching the newest achievements for ammonia produce technology. The revamping had completed in 1996.Through exploring and operation for a couple of years, the objects of both production increasing and energy saving had fully approached.This Article made deep research to key process, such as wetting system of feed gas, richen solution technology for CO2 removal, moisture removal by molecular sieve, ammonia separation post-converter, and hydrogen recovery from purge gas bycryogenic process, also to the important operation sections including the primary reformer, the secondary reformer, the CO2 removal and the ammonia chilling process. Based on the works mentioned above, this Article established a lot of mathematic models to material and energy balances for whole equipments by utilizing the acknowledge of physical chemistry, the principle of chemical engineering, separation engineering, numerical analysis and computer technology. This Article expounds the thermodynamic models of properties and phase equilibrium. This research result uses theoretical calculation instead of some numerical method to resolve engineering problems. Retrofitted Kellogg’s large-scale ammonia plant has complex loops and manyoperation parameters that are frequently changing. To counter this case, this Article developed some short-cut calculation methods that can rapidly lead to iteration convergence. It was already proved that the simulation results by the software developed in the work were corrected compatible to actual operation data in CHITIANHUA. These achievement can be used as basic data for further research of energy saving and consumption reducing for the enterprise, design institutes and some universities. Also the results can be used in enterprise administration, such as checking of consumption in its workshops, and correcting relative flowmeters.更多还原