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电动汽车形态设计的研究

Study of Electric Vehicle’s Shape Design

【作者】 麦秀好

【导师】 肖国平; 张克;

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 , 机械设计与理论, 2002, 硕士

【摘要】 这个比较在计算时仅以汽车行驶能量为对象,实际上电能有多种来源方式,还需考虑制造所用能量等,但此结果和其它文献基本相符。 ②环境污染低:1998年全国城市环境质量周报统计结果表明,广州、上海、北京等一些特大城市空气中的首要污染物为氮氧化物(NO_x),全国已有34个城市氮氧化物年均值超过国家二级标准,而机动车尾气排放则是氮氧化物的主要来源(汽车尾气对氮氧化物的分担率高达78.1%)。在以哈尔滨、北京、太原、上海、南京、成都、广州以及乌鲁木齐为中心的重污染带,污染指数随时都有可能处在污染事件发生的边缘。2000年3月28日,南宁市发生了光化学烟雾事件,汽车尾气中的碳氢化合物(HC)与氮氧化物(NO_x)在强烈日光作用下发生光化学反应,形成有毒烟雾,人们普遍感到眼睛刺痛,喉咙发痒,有毒烟雾持续了10个小时。 如果是EV则不会产生上述问题,因为EV在行驶时无废气排出,是零排放汽车。即使以火力发电来估计,相对于其它常规汽车,其废气排出量也会大幅度减少。 ③可使用多种能源:因EV可用2次电力能源,其不受石油资源的限制,可利用核能、水力、太阳能等。2000年我国石油消耗量为2.6亿吨,进口9000万吨,其中汽车消耗了90%的汽油,20%的柴油。到2030年,我国汽车保有量将增加15~20倍,即使考虑到内燃机轿车的技术进步,我国石油消耗量将达到8~10亿吨,其中进口5~6亿吨,形势非常严峻。我国煤炭资源丰富而石油资源不足这一能源供给的结构性矛盾,使中国成为纯石油进口国,在今后很长一段时间内,煤炭将作为我国的主要能源,因此积极研制开发EV及代用燃料汽车是适应我国国情的现实选择,正如国家科委副主任徐冠华在96年电动及代用燃料汽车展上所作的《大力发展新型能源汽车促进中国可持续发展》报告中指出,积极研制开发和推广使用EV等“绿色交通工具”是可持续发展框架下交通运输变革的必然趋势之一。 ④噪音低:汽车的噪音、振动大小决定于发动机本身和行驶条件。常规汽车和EV相比,虽然因汽车行驶而引起的噪音、振动无显著区别,但电动机比汽油或柴油发动机噪声要小得多,因此在这方面,EV占有绝对的优势。 正是由于EV的各种优点,美国、法国、日本、德国等发达国家都很重视EV的研制和开发,现已制造出各具特色的EV,并开始小批量生产。如美国为了在20世纪未研制出具有实际使用价值的超低排放汽车(ULEV)和零排放汽车(2EV),从90年代初开始,美国政府由能源部牵头,包括交通部和国防部,斥巨

【Abstract】 A1ong wth traditionaI fuel automobiIe is continuously increasing, it brings moreand more serious pollution to the earth.Therefore,in the end of twenty century,itcomes fOrth a upsurge to research and manufacture Electric Vehicle (EV) all over theworld. Chinese government has already brought EV into the fateful science andteclinology research item of state’s the ninth five year plan and its aim is to develop aimpoYtant industry. Consequently, the writer think it is very necessary to the researchof EV’s Industrial Design while we study key technique.The current design of EV has two kinds of methods,the refit design and the all newdesign. The EV’design in our country is almost the refit design, but it can notembodies the advantage of EV. Dlle to EV have not enormous gas engine andcomplicated gearing, then its shape breaks the style of traditional fuel automobiles andfOrms its pafticular sty1e, outstanding the characteristic of streamline, miniaturizationand light-duty. So the thesis is mostly to study the all new design of EV and strivehard to make EV’s lndustrial Design match beautiful shape, human engineering,aerodynamics and principle of the green design.The thesis analyzes the main factors that influencee EV’s continuously chargemileage.according to the importance of different factor and the influencee of differentshape design that affact a factor, the thesis study the design of EV and make it canincrease continuous1y charge mi1eage whi1e it satisfy beautifu1 shape and humanengineering.with regard to EV’s beautiful shaPe, the thesis analyzed the principle to attainbeautiful shape and visual illusion in automobile design. Because most of EV’s bodyis too short a little, the thesis emphasize how to attain a subective ideal shaPe throughthe principle to attain beautiful shaPe and the visual illusion;On human engineering,the thesis aim mainly at the analyse of fist-ellipse, fOot-ellipse and at the design ofmetef, seat and lamp in order to improve driver’s efficiency at the most. At the sametime,by the way of analyzing passengers in electric buses and electric cars on humanengineering, it acquire the size of eIect fic buses and elect fic cars’ room,1n order tolIattain aerodynamicist’s EV shape, the thesis cite conclusion from recent paper ,then summarize optimum value by synthesizing manufacturing technology and human engineering .finally the writer make use of the above research result and adopt latest NURBS mold method of software of 3DS MAX to design EV’s conception drawing .

  • 【分类号】U469.7
  • 【被引频次】2
  • 【下载频次】610
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