【作者】 董林水；

【导师】 郑郁善；

【作者基本信息】 福建农林大学 ， 森林培育学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 本文通过温室盆栽施肥试验及田间施肥试验，研究了福建柏一年生播种苗的年生长发育规律，以及各种施肥措施对苗木形态、生物量指标，生理生化指标及营养指标的影响。拟合了D—最优饱和设计条件下的苗木产量及生理指标效应模型，研究并制定了福建柏苗期DRIS诊断施肥综合法的营养诊断标准，以生长中期苗木为例分别对图解法及指数法的诊断标准进行检验。 1分别利用生长曲线直观划分及有序聚类划分法对福建柏一年生播种苗苗高生长时期进行划分，研究表明，有序聚类法可对苗高生长时期进行更为精确的划分，划分结果与苗木生物学特性相符合，可作为指导施肥等管理措施的依据。同时这种精确的定量划分法也为进一步进行其他苗期科学研究奠定了基础。 2在温室条件下，氮肥单因素试验中，以0.65～1.30gN/盆施肥处理苗木生长最好，过量施用氮肥则对茁木形成一定的抑制或毒害作用。到12月份生长最佳的两个处理的生物量为1.39、1.07g/株。分别为同期空白不施氮处理的苗木生物量3.04、2.33倍。说明适量施氮可显著促进苗木生长。 3在氮、磷、钾 D-最优配比试验中以氮、磷、钾适量配比的Ⅱ-6（N：1.07；K：0.83g/盆）、Ⅱ-7（N：1.07；P：0.60g/盆）处理苗木生长最优，生长末期这两个处理苗木单株生物量分别比空白对照高142.10％，72.63％。单施氮肥的Ⅱ-2（1.8g/盆）处理在生长前期促进作用不显著，而后期则起到较为明显的促进作用。单施磷、钾肥的Ⅱ-3（1.0g/盆）、Ⅱ-4（1.42/盆）处理也分别起到一定程度的促进作用。而Ⅱ-8（N、P、K：0.64；1.0；1.4g/盆）、Ⅱ-9（N、P、K：1.8；0.35；1.4g／盆）、Ⅱ-10（N、P、K：1.8；1.0；0.50g/盆）处理氮、磷、钾总量超过苗木的需要量时，则会导致土壤溶液中离子浓度过高，从而对苗木根系造成一定的毒害作用，其中，Ⅱ-9、Ⅱ-10处理对苗木生长抑制作用更为严重。 在本试验这种氮、磷、钾均缺乏的培养介质下，磷、钾肥在苗木生长初期可很好促进苗木生长的作用，后期氮肥则起到关键的作用。从总的生长过程来看，前期应少量施用磷钾月巴，而后期应适时适量追施氮肥。 4田间条件下，随着施氮量的增加，氮肥对苗木生长由促进作用转向抑制乃至毒害作用。在闽北较肥沃的山地苗圃条件下，可施氮肥量为53.4kgN·hm^-2～106.8kgN·hm^-2。田间各处理中生物量最大达2.58g/株；比相同条件下施氮肥处理提高44％。 5研究了福建柏苗木光合作用、呼吸作用、叶绿素、根系活力、硝酸还原酶活性等生理生化指标在各施肥处理间变异规律，以及各指标在苗木不同生长时期变化情况，同时对它们的测定方法进行了必要的探讨。从苗木生长初期、生长中期、生长末期生 福建柏苗期营养诊断研究理指标测定结果来看；生理指标在各处理间的变异规律与由木形态、十物剃8标基本一致。这是因为较高的内部生理活性是保址苗木良灯生氏的基础。这种生理与生K指标间良好的相关性，也显示了这些生理指标在苗木营养诊断中良扯的应泊前景。 叶绿素含量无论是总量还是叶绿素。b含量在生长中期均维持在最高水平。其中，生卜中期叶绿素；总量含量范围为1刀4－1．77m＊宫’·F WW，生长初期及生长末期都较低，含量范围 0．69叫刀fllgff’·FW。0－f绿素缸b值无论是在各处理间还是在苗木全年各生长各阶段均维持在较小的取值内；201～241，这说明苗木内部存在一种维持Chlajb比值平衡的自动调节机制。 根系生长状况是反映苗木质量的关键指标，也是决定茁木造林成活率最重要的m素。因而有关根系的形态及生理指标在钓木质量评价中一盲受到人《g’I的至视。本文综合测定了根系的形态指标：根长、侧根数，以及根系氧化活力（a－茶胺法）。根系活力与苗木各生长指标在各处理间变异规律并不完全一致，冈而提出进行苗木营养诊断时，根系活力应作为苗木质量评价的辅助参数。同时对丁A由木质量评价中最新提出的根系生长潜力（RGP）概念及其应川前景进I了相关的沦述。 硝酸还原酶是目前植物营养诊断生理指标中的研究热点之一，本文概述了其在林业上应用现状及前景。同时以福捷柏敌仁为例探讨了硝酸还原酶（N）的测定方法。结果表明，在有氮源存在的条件1‘，进行光诱导可显著提高酶活性。但是．有氮源条件f光诱导酶活性较无氮源时均得到显斡捉高，导致卜＊A在各处理间变异规律性不强，即与各施肥措施及由木生长状况相关性不大。本文提出为反映苗木自身营养状况，进行福建柏苗期营养诊断时，应以无氮源存在条什D；光诱导的酶活性测定值为依据。 6对＊－最忧饱和设计条件卜，－－年生祸建柏播种苗（12月）生物量进行拟合。得到二次多项式回归方程为y＝0．960＋1．6888 ZI－04222。＋1．旧6lZ3－0．5987 Z；’＋0．4221ZZ一、0．525823‘－0．5425ZIZ2－0．45382123－0．551门ZZZ3（Z，Z；，Z；分别代表氮、磷。钾二几素施用量）。经卜方检验，证明其拟合粕度较高，可仆为牛物量估测模风并拟合了由高。地径相应的回归方程。其精度较高均行合要求。问时根据卜述模呗确定了曲木最佳施肥量N：门2更多还原

【Abstract】 Through fertilization experimentations in conservatory and farm, we study the growth orderliness of Fokienia hodginsii semination seedlings, and how the fertilization measures influence the configuration, physiological, biological guideline, and nutrition guidelines of the seedlings. The matrix between nutrition element and yield was also be made in the experimentation of D-best saturation Design. The nutrition diagnosis criterion of Fokienia hodginsii seedlings were made by the method of DRIS(Diagnosis and recommendation integrated system). The criterion was tested among the metaphase seedlings by the diagrammatized DRIS method and expoent DRIS method.1 The growth curve and order cluster methods were used and contrasted in compartmentalizing periods of seedling tallness. The result indicating that the latter method could make for a more precision partition, and this partition was accord with the seedling biological characteristic, this partition also can be regard as gist of administering measures of the seedlings. It also established the base of a series of researches during the seedling period.2 In the single factor experimentation of nitrogenous fertilizer under the condition of conservatory, the seedlings in the basin that fertilizer 0.65~1.30gram nitrogenous grew best. When the nitrogenous fertilizer was excessive, the growth of seedlings were retrained or reduced. In December, the weight of the two fertilization series of high yields were 1.39 gram, 1.07gram each one seedling. The yields of the two series were 3.04,2.33 times of the yield of the series that had no nitrogenous fertilizer. It showed that proper nitrogenous fertilizer can obviously accelerate the growth speed of seedlings.3 The seedlings of II-6 series (N: 1.07; K:0.83 gram/basin);II-7 series (N: 1.07; P:0.60 gram/basin) grew best in D-best saturation experimentation of nitrogen, phosphor, Kalium elements. The weight of every seedling of this two series in the growth telophase was higher than seedlings of no fertilizer. The II-2 series of odd nitrogenous fertilizer (l.Sgram/basin) can’t obviously hasten the growth in prophase, but in the anaphase the acceleration of the growth was visible. The 11-3(1.Ogram/basin),II-4(1.4gram/basin) series of odd phosphor and kalium fertilizer, in some degree accelerated the growth of seedlings. The seedlings of 1I-8(N,P,K:0.64,1.0,1.4gram/basin),lI-9(N,P,K: 1.8,0.35,1.4gram/basin),II-10(N,P,K: 1.8,1.0,0 .50 gram/basin) series grew worse than other series. Through our research the reason is that the gross chroma of Nitrogen, phosphor and kalium in the soil exceed the tolerance of the seedlings root. Among the three series the bad infection of II-9, 11-10 series was more serious. After all, in the cultivating medium which were absent with nitrogen, phosphor, kalium element, the phosphor and kalium fertilizer can accelerate the growth speed of seedlings in the initial stages, otherwise the nitrogenous fertilizer determined the growth in the anaphase.4 In the farm, just as the weight of nitrogen fertilizer in the basin increasing, theAacceleration to the seedlings changed to be restrain or poison. In the fertile nursery of north fujian province, 53.4kgN-hm-2~108.2kgN-hm-2 are suit to the Fokienia hodginsii seedlings. In the farm the series of highest yields was 2.58 gram/seedling; it was 44% higher than the blandness series.5 The photosynthesis, respiration, chlorophyll, root activity, NRA of ail the series’ seedlings also were studied. Otherwise the variety disciplinarian of these guidelines of several growth periods was studied. At the same time the methods of measuring the activity of these guidelines was be studied. From the result of experimentation on these guidelines in all the growth stages, we knew that these guidelines of the seedlings of all the series had the same variety orderliness just as the configuration and yield guidelines. This indicated that high physiology activity inside the seedling was the basis of well growth. The good relativity between the phy更多还原