预应力混凝土连续梁桥的健康研究

【作者】 马亚丽；

【导师】 王东炜； 赵卓；

【作者基本信息】 郑州大学 ， 工程力学， 2002， 硕士

【摘要】 在我国，公路桥梁主要设计指标的演变已经历了48年的时间，目前，公路桥梁实际承受的交通量和重型车辆骤增，客货超载和超限运输现象加重。因此，进行旧桥结构的维修加固，以提高服役桥梁的承载能力，确保交通运输的基本功能是今后一段时期内面临的重要任务之一。而且随着公路交通业的发展，对公路、桥梁提供安全、快捷、舒适、低耗行驶的要求越来越高。为了更好地促进我国经济建设的发展，一方面需要加快公路、桥梁、铁路等建设，另一方面也需要定期和长期地对服役桥梁的现状进行调查分析，及时地对各种有缺陷的桥梁进行相应的维修加固，以提高桥梁结构的使用寿命和可靠性能。因此，对本课题进行系统深入的理论分析与科学实验，无疑是有着重大的经济效益和深远的社会效益，并对促进我国公路建设的大力发展有着不可低估的战略意义。 本文通过大量的实践调查研究和理论研究，从工程的设计、施工和使用等三个阶段详细分析了影响预应力砼桥梁可靠性的各种因素，并提出了相应的改进意见。着重强调了结构的“保健”意识——即监测、诊断、防护，并且给出了相应的评判标准。 一 研究所作的工作 对于预应力砼桥梁结构，由于设计阶段、施工阶段及使用阶段中存在的种种问题，导致结构健康状况的降低，影响了结构在后续服役期内的正常使用。因此，需要对预应力砼桥梁的健康问题进行研究，根据结构当前所提供的服役状况，对结构的工作性能进行综合评价，确定结构的健康状况和水平，依据其评判结果确定维护措施，指导新建结构的设计和在役结构的正常使用。 本文通过探讨人的健康，引出桥梁的健康问题，并引入结构的可靠性分析理论，对预应力砼梁桥结构的设计、施工及在服役使用维护过程中的各种影响因素进行分析，提出合理化改进意见及相关技术标准，并以此为基础，对新型材料、施工工艺及结构的诊断监控方法进行研究，以提出桥梁健康恢复方法——即保证结构耐久性的具体措施及相关标准。 本论文所作的工作如下： 1)综述了预应力砼技术的发展状况以及在桥梁工程中的应用情况，简要介绍了可靠性理论在桥梁工程领域的应用及其既有桥梁评估、维修、加固等的研究概况。 2)类比于人的亚健康研究，提出了桥梁“亚健康”的基本概念。在详细讨论了影响桥梁健康的主要因素后，建议了桥梁健康研究的基本范畴和方法，并从勘探设计、施 郑州大学硕士毕业论文 工建设和使用维护等三个阶段对桥梁健康问题作了较全面的分析。 3）结合现有资料、专家经验以及有关的评判标准和相关数据，建议了用二级模糊 综合评判方法进行现有桥梁健康水平的评估方法，并给出了评判标准。 4）结合相关规范以及有关资料，较系统地阐述了桥梁健康监测的内容及方法，并 对预应力硷桥梁的健康恢复策略进行了总结。 5）基于本论文的研究成果，结合天津南疆大桥的健康监测报告，详细分析了影响 该桥健康的关键性问题，并针对调查结果提出了相应的健康恢复方案。 6）对本文的工作进行了总结，并对需要进一步研究的问题提出了作者的观点。 二 结论 针对勘探设计、施工建设和使用养护中，影响预应力硷连续梁桥结构健康状况的实 际问题，本论文在已有研究成果的基础上，综合运用概率理论、模糊数学、硷和预应力 硷结构理论等的基本理论和方法，对预应力硷梁桥结构的健康分级、健康检查以及健康 恢复的方法进行了较为系统的研究。并对具体的工程实例进行了健康等级鉴定，并得到 了如下几点有益的结论： l）类似于人的健康行为，预应力硷桥梁也存在着“健康”、“亚健康”和“危桥” 等不同的健康状态，有必要对其健康行为，特别是亚健康行为进行深入、系统的分析研 究。 2）影响预应力硷桥梁健康行为的因素来自于工程的勘探设计、施工建设和使用养 护等各个阶段，且极为繁杂。采用二级模糊综合评判的方法进行预应力硅桥梁的健康评 级是有效的方法之一。 3）桥梁结构进行有效的健康监测和及时的健康恢复，是满足其安全、快捷、舒适、 低耗要求的根本性手段。文中关于桥梁健康监测的方法和健康恢复的策略是值得推荐 的。 4）采用本文建议的健康分级、健康检查以及健康恢复的方法，对大津南疆大桥健 康问题的研究，以及所作的结论与工程实际情况是基本符合的，因而也是成功的。 三 有待于解决的问题 如前所述，进行桥梁结构的健康研究，对我国的公路交通行业的发展具有重大的社 会意义和经济意义。本文提出的理论和方法，对桥梁健康研究具有一定的参考意义和实 用价值，但由子课?更多还原

【Abstract】 In china, the main design index of road bridges has been developed for 48 years. In now time, the actual traffic volume and heavy traffic that act on the bridges increase very rapidly, and the phenomenon of over loading and limit became more serious. So the maintenance and repair of service bridge to increase its load capacity, and furthermore, to insure the basic function of transportation is still the important problem to be faced in the next few times. With the development of road and transportation, the requirement of safe, quick, comfortable and low cost for travel is higher. To better help the development of national economic construction, in one way, the construction of road, bridge and railway should be increased; on the other hand, long timely monitoring of service behavior of Service Bridge is needed. And if necessary, maintenance and repair should be carried on the service bridges that have defect to increase their service lifetime and reliability. So, deep system theory analysis and experiment of this research project is very important and will greatly help the development of national road construction.Through practical investigation and theory analysis, different factors that affect the reliability of service pre-stressed concrete bridges are analysis in three different stages, design, construction and service stage, and relevant suggestion is given. The idea of structural "Health Care" is emphasized, that is, monitoring, diagnosis and protection, and relevant evaluation standard are given.1. The Main Contents Of ResearchDue to the problems existed in design, construction and service stage, the structural health degree of pre-stressed concrete bridge will decrease, and the requirement for normal use in the residual service lifetime cannot be fulfilled. So, it is necessary to research on the health problem of pre-stressed concrete bridge. Based on the current service situation of the structure, the comprehensive evaluation of structural working behavior is carried to decide its health condition and degree, and relevant maintenance strategy based on the health evaluation result is decided to guide the design of new structure and to insure the safety of service structure.Based on discussion of health of mankind, the health of bridge is drawn forth. By introducing of structural reliability analysis theory, different factors that in design, construction and service stage were analyzed, rational advice and relevant technology standard are suggested. And based on these research, the research monitoring and diagnosis methods of new material, construction technology and structures is carried out, to gain the method of health restoration of bridges, that is, specific measures and relevant standard to assure the durability of the structures.The main works are summarized as follows:1) The development and application of the pre-stressed technology in the bridge structures are reviewed; the implementation of the reliability theory and the assessment, maintenance strategy is stated.2) Assemble to the sub-health research of mankind, the ideas of bridge sub-health are provided. The health research methods are suggested after discussing theoretical factors, the influence of the three main stages 梔esign, construction and maintenance to the structures is analyzed.3) According to the relevant information, expert experience, assessment standard and data, the method of two grade comprehensive fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and standard is suggested.4) According to the relevant standard and code, the content of health monitoring is reviewed; the health restoration strategy of the pre-stressed concrete bridge structures is concluded.5) Based on the theory of the paper, combined with the health monitoring report, the influence of the bridge health is analyzed, the restoring strategy is provided.6) The chief works are summarized and the problems that need to study are provided.2. ConclusionAimed at the actual problems existed in design, construction and service stage t更多还原