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现代生产物流管理研究

Contemporary Production Logistics Management Research

【作者】 胡浩

【导师】 程国平;

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 , 管理科学与工程, 2002, 硕士

【摘要】 现代生产物流由于其适应现代生产的要求,需要更加系统化和柔性化。因此在物流管理上也发生了相应的转变:分散管理变为集中管理;执行型管理变为包括执行在内的决策型管理;封闭型管理变为开放型管理。现代生产物流管理主要从三个方面体现了现代化,首先是生产物流设备的现代化;其次是生产物流管理手段的现代化,它包括利用计算机及其各种软件进行管理;第三是生产物流管理思想的现代化,即系统化和集成化的管理思想。 现代生产物流管理具体是从四个方面进行管理,即生产物流信息管理、物料管理、作业管理和状态监控。 无论是生产物流中的物料管理,状态监控还是作业管理都离不开物流信息。生产物流过程实际上是物料流动加信息流动的过程。物料流动中,物料的数量、物理位置和品种的变化是按照实际加工需要来进行的。信息流动过程中,信息的采集、处理和传输则服务于管理的需要。也可以说,在生产物流系统运行过程中,物质实体的流动是目的,而为达到这一目的,所进行的管理是以信息为基础的。信息管理是现代生产物流管理的核心和基础。 物料管理就是对生产中所需要的各种物料,如毛坯、工具、半成品、废品和成品等进行管理。物料管理具体体现为库存管理,即对出库和入库进行管理,并协调出库和入库,以保证有足够的物料供应生产。库存管理的目的是在满足顾客服务要求的前提下通过对企业的库存水平进行控制,力求尽可能降低库存水平、提高物流系统效率,以强化企业的竞争力。具体而言,库存控制目标是:库存成本最低的目标;库存保证程度最高的目标;不允许缺货的目标;限定资金的目标以及快捷的目标。企业库存物资品种繁多,而每一种物资又有其不同的特点和要求,因此,对不同的物资应采取不同的库存控制方法:定量库存控制法,定期库存控制法和定期定量混和控制法。准时制库存、供应商管理用户库存与业务流程重组是降低库存,追求零库存的三种方式。 在实际的生产物流系统中,由于受系统内部和外部各种因素的影响,计划与实际之间会产生偏差,为了保证计划的完成,必须对物流活动进行有效的控制。有两种基本的物流控制方式:反馈与前馈。生产物流控制的具体内容有:进度控制;在制品管理;偏差的测定和处理。在生产物流系统中,物流协调和减少各环节生产和库存水平变化的幅度是很重要的。在这样的系统中,系统的稳定与所采用的控制原理有关。有两种典型的控制原理:物流推进控制原理和物流拉引控制原理。为了准确了解生产物流情况,及时发现计划与实际的差异,有预见地掌握生产物流发展的 武汉理工大学硕士学位讼文趋势,就要傻用一些科学的管理方法。常用的生产物流控制方法有以下几种:加权法、平准法与流动数曲线分析法。本文述及的推进式生产物流控制原理的代表方法就是物料需求计划,简称MRP。MRP只产生物料需求计划,而没有考虑完成这个计划的能力。在执行中可能会产生局部生产能力紧张短缺与闲置浪费并今的情况,共至使计划不能顺利执行。为此,发展出了制造资源计划(MI{P 11)。物流监控系统主要完成以下功能:采集物流系统状态数据;监视物流系统状态;处理斤常情况;人机交互;接受管理层下发的计划和任务,并控制执行机构完成之。 作业管理就是根据生产加工的需要,计划和调度各种运输设尤,规划运输路线,使所需的物料及时、通畅地运达指定位置。这里既包含作业计划,也包含作业控制。生产物流计划的核心是生产作业计划的编制工作,即根据计划期内规定的出产产品的品种、数量、期限,以及发展了的客观实际,具体安排产品及其零部件在各工艺阶段的生产进度。与此同时,为企业内部各生产环节安排短期的生产仕务,协调前后衔接关系。生产物流计划有如下的任务:保证生产计划的顺利完成;为均衡生产创造条件;加强在制品管理,缩短生产周期。作业管理还包括,自动化仓库的布置与规划;自动输送设备的作业管理以及对AGV的管理与控制。 砚代生产物流管理;芮先是以上所论述的“硬件”方砌的役理,它包括生产物流信息管理、物料管理、状态监控以及作业管理。但是要想仙以上这些吁理活夕川8够顺利进行就一定离不开“软件”方面的管理,它包括生产物流战略卜付的设往。生产物流组织机构的调整以及生产物流工作程序的调整。 如果仅在企业内部进行物流的优化和整合,并不能带来物流的合理化,I月为物流并不仅仅涉及企业内部的各个部门,物流更涉及到上游、下游的合作企业,甚至是竞争者。物流的合理化需要从企业内部走出来,将视野放到整个供应孵中,推动物流的一体化、共同化和供应链的优化。 供应链管理把供应链中所有节点企业看作一个整体,供应链管理涵盖整个物流的、从供应商到最终用户的采购、制造、分销、零售等职能领域过程。供应链管地具有更高的目标,通过管理库存和合作关系去达到高水平的服务,而个仅仅是完成一定的市场目标。供应链管理最关键的是需要采用集成的思想和方法,而个仅仅是节点企业、技术方法等资源简单

【Abstract】 Contemporary production logistics needs more systematizing and flexibility because of adapting wants of modern production. So logistics management correspondingly changes centralizing management against decentralizing management,decision management including administer against administer management,opening management against closing management. Contemporary production logistics management mainly embodies modernization from three waysthe first is modernization of devices of production logistics;the second is modernization of management means of production logistics including using computers and their software;the third is modernization of management ideology of production logistics,that is systematizing and integrationizing.Contemporary production logistics management consists of four partsinformation management,material management,operation management and state controlling.Information management is the core and foundation of contemporary production logistics management. The process of production logistics actually is the process of material flowing and information flowing. The collection,disposal and transmission of information obey management needs in information flowing. So in the system of production logistics,material flowing is their goal. We must manage it that is on the basis of information for getting at the goal.Material management deals with all material that is wanted by production,for examples work blanks,tools,semi-manufactured goods,finished product and waster. Material management embodies inventory management. It manages the course of entering warehouse and going out warehouse and corresponds so that there is enough material to provide production. The aim of inventory management is that satisfying client,reducing the level of inventory,improving efficiency of logistics system and reducing the level of inventory,improving efficiency of logistics system and consolidating competitiveness of enterprise via controlling the level of enterprise inventory.For ensuring planning’s completion we must efficiently control logistics on account of many factors not only inside of system but also outside influence the system of production logistics. In the system of production logistics it is theimportant that corresponds logistics and reduces the extent of changing of production and inventory. In this system stabilization is related with controlling principles. There are two typical controlling principles,pull system and push system. We need scientifically management methods for accurately knowing the situation of production logistics,finding differences between planning and reality,foreseeing holding the tide of logistics developing. MRP is representative method of push system. MRP brings material requirement planning. It has not thought its ability of completing the planning. So MRP II has been born.Operation management’s mission is planning and attempering every devices of transaction,programming paths of transaction on the basis of wants of production process. So the material wanted can smoothly arrive correct position in time. It includes operation planning as well as operation controlling.The top issue of contempory production logistics is the management about " hardware" discussed above,;it includes the production logistics information management,material management,the situation supervision and control and business management. But the activities above cannot run smoothly without the supports from certain " software",including the goal of production logistics strategy,the adjustment of production logistics organization and procedure.If only the inner businesses of enterprise are optimized and integrated,it isn’t rational to think the logistics will be optimal,because different departments and enterprises in the supply chain are involved in the logistics. The logistics rationalization is realized vheri putting the visual field ii whole supply chain,launching the logistics integration,assimilation and optimization.In the supply chain management all node business enterprises are dea

  • 【分类号】F252
  • 【被引频次】8
  • 【下载频次】1579
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